Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Lancashire RegC	Fylde RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	93	11
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	14	7
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	19	1
Prison Service, &c.	-	1
Police	34	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	22	2
Other Local or County Official	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	169	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	13	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	139	-
Army Pensioner	9	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Seaman, R.N.	4	-
Navy Pensioner	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	381	244
Clergymen (Established Church)	27	-
Roman Catholic Priest	8	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	16	-
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	-
Barrister, Solicitor	25	-
Law Student	5	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	17	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	24	-
Dentist	8	-
Medical Student, Assistant	11	-
Subordinate Medical Service	2	41
Schoolmaster	105	160
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	10	26
School Service, and others connected with teaching	2	4
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	-
Civil Engineer	14	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	8	-
Painter (artist)	7	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	15	-
Musician, Music Master	22	10
Art Student	1	-
Photographer	26	3
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	4	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	8	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	267	2,788
Domestic Coachman, Groom	44	-
Domestic Gardener	22	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	106	2,370
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	83	144
College, Club Service	2	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	-	1
Cook (not domestic)	-	3
Charwoman	2	118
Washing and Bathing Service	3	144
Hospital and Institution Service	2	7
Others engaged in Service	1	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	265	9
Merchant	8	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	31	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	37	-
Accountant	10	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	2
Commercial Traveller	26	-
Commercial Clerk	112	5
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	23	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	16	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,125	19
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	35	-
Railway Guard	14	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	34	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	235	3
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	61	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	103	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	133	3
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	2	-
Inland Navigation Service	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	22	1
Navigation Service (on shore)	3	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	243	-
Pilot	10	-
Ship Steward, Cook	17	4
Boatman on Seas	2	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	138	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	10	-
Meter, Weigher	2	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	49	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	8	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	2,097	158
Farmer, Grazier	509	52
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	307	2
Farm Bailiff	19	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	1,118	99
Shepherd	3	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	6	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	2	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	4	1
Gardener (not domestic)	127	4
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	393	6
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	3	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	38	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	11	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	5	-
Gamekeeper	26	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	7	-
Fisherman	303	5
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	71	11
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	11	6
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	2	-
Bookbinder	1	-
Printer	52	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	3	3
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	2	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	113	7
Engine, Machine Maker	17	1
Millwright	4	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	25	-
Boiler Maker	15	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	15	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
Saw Maker	2	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	22	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	5	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	2	5
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,470	12
Builder	29	1
Carpenter, Joiner	509	2
Bricklayer	270	-
Mason	133	-
Slater, Tiler	21	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	98	-
Paperhanger	2	-
Plumber	100	-
Painter, Glazier	237	-
Cabinet Maker	47	9
French Polisher	5	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	6	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	3	-
Gas Fitter	4	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Carver, Gilder	2	-
Dealer in Works of Art	2	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	91	1
Coachmaker	23	-
Wheelwright	42	-
Others	2	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	24	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	76	1
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	9	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	48	1
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	2	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	4	-
Sail Maker	13	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	48	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	45	-
Manufacturing Chemist	2	1
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	9	2
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	9	2
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	855	879
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	113	28
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	137	648
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	12	2
Brewer	21	1
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	18	7
Cellarman	12	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	8	3
Milkseller, Dairyman	2	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	134	7
Provision Curer, Dealer	18	9
Poulterer, Game Dealer	5	-
Fishmonger	40	12
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	11	-
Corn Miller	23	-
Baker	56	15
Confectioner, Pastrycook	13	62
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	18	11
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	199	73
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	14	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	643	1,110
Woolstapler	2	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	9	2
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	2	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	2	2
Flannel Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	372	658
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	5	-
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	9	1
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	76	349
Tape Manufacturer, Dealer	7	-
[Others]	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	24	1
Weaver (undefined)	10	9
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	2	-
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	21	10
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	-	1
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	81	49
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	13	26
Others	3	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	339	532
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	3	4
Tailor	130	9
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	1	477
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	30
Hosiery Manufacture	-	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	152	10
Patten, Clog Maker	31	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	21	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	8	2
Manure Manufacture	4	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	2	-
Currier	2	1
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	71	55
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	1	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	4	16
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	4	17
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	2	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Thatcher	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	6	1
Sawyer	27	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	2	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	2	1
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	4	3
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	1	1
Paper Manufacture	3	2
Stationer, Law Stationer	6	12
Others	5	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	562	14
Coal Miner	4	1
Coal Merchant	48	2
Coalheaver	11	-
Gas Works Service	37	1
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	4	-
Slate Quarrier	1	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	1	-
Limeburner	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	86	-
Paviour	18	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	13	1
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	47	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	48	-
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	6	-
Glass Manufacture	1	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	6	-
Waterworks Service	8	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	11	9
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	10	-
Blacksmith	123	-
Whitesmith	8	-
Nail Manufacture	11	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	33	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	2	-
[Coppersmith]	2	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	16	-
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	827	103
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	26	37
Pawnbroker	5	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	48	29
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	34	4
Contractor (undefined)	6	-
General Labourer	581	1
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	77	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	28	20
Apprentice (undefined)	6	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	11	5
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	5	5
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	13	-
Town Drainage Service	2	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	10	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	294	2,540
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	294	2,540
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	289	4,240
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	7	6
[Blank field, or illegible]	282	4,234

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)