Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Northumberland RegC	Newcastle upon Tyne RegD/PLU/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	571	37
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	1	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	168	15
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	66	3
Prison Service, &c.	17	4
Police	245	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	62	13
Other Local or County Official	12	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	-	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	361	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	28	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	280	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	6	-
Army Pensioner	36	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	4	-
Seaman, R.N.	3	-
Navy Pensioner	4	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	1,370	1,016
Clergymen (Established Church)	32	-
Roman Catholic Priest	21	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	35	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	23	11
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	36
Theological Student	4	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	13	5
Barrister, Solicitor	62	-
Law Student	8	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	165	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	77	-
Dentist	29	4
Medical Student, Assistant	64	-
Midwife	-	9
Subordinate Medical Service	13	228
Schoolmaster	202	503
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	24	61
School Service, and others connected with teaching	12	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	38	3
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	9	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	20	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	6	-
Civil Engineer	81	-
Mining Engineer	32	1
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	12	-
Painter (artist)	42	12
Engraver (artist)	14	-
Sculptor	4	-
Architect	63	-
Musician, Music Master	117	67
Art Student	10	5
Photographer	46	16
Actor	30	37
Art, Music, Theatre Service	12	5
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	22	4
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	28	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	941	8,394
Domestic Coachman, Groom	209	-
Domestic Gardener	151	4
Domestic Indoor Servant	144	7,170
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	12	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	376	140
College, Club Service	4	2
Office Keeper (not Government)	14	43
Cook (not domestic)	9	20
Charwoman	1	508
Washing and Bathing Service	9	448
Hospital and Institution Service	7	58
Others engaged in Service	5	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	3,258	116
Merchant	97	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	343	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	71	1
Accountant	103	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	11	47
Commercial Traveller	533	4
Commercial Clerk	1,829	57
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	9	1
Banker	6	-
Bank Service	114	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	8	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	134	2
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	4,802	55
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	89	1
Railway Guard	137	1
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	19	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	716	11
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	14	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	32	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	166	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	1,222	6
Tramway Companies' Service	24	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	531	2
Navigation Service (on shore)	54	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	750	1
Pilot	4	-
Ship Steward, Cook	23	10
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	381	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	136	1
Meter, Weigher	10	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	428	11
Telegraph, Telephone Service	65	8
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	342	52
Farmer, Grazier	36	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	7	-
Farm Bailiff	19	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	183	45
Shepherd	6	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	2	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	1	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Woodman	4	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	10	-
Gardener (not domestic)	73	5
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	309	7
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	19	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	157	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	27	1
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	52	1
Drover	27	-
Gamekeeper	8	4
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	-
Fisherman	14	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	3	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	770	139
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	88	17
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	11	3
Bookbinder	84	80
Printer	487	24
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	42	14
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	58	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	3,579	29
Engine, Machine Maker	731	4
Millwright	88	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	1,664	4
Boiler Maker	720	4
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	5	-
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	11	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	13	-
File Maker	20	-
Saw Maker	9	-
Steel Pen Maker	1	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	103	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	21	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	35	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	18	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	5	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	38	1
Ordnance Manufacturer	52	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	28	-
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	3
Toy Maker, Dealer	7	9
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	5,033	108
Builder	162	3
Carpenter, Joiner	1,350	2
Bricklayer	593	-
Mason	585	1
Slater, Tiler	150	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	215	-
Paperhanger	14	2
Plumber	424	2
Painter, Glazier	714	7
Cabinet Maker	555	73
French Polisher	91	4
Furniture Broker, Dealer	22	4
Locksmith, Bellhanger	4	1
Gas Fitter	14	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	16	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	7	4
Wood Carver	32	-
Carver, Gilder	65	3
Dealer in Works of Art	8	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	10	2
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	359	2
Coachmaker	176	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	8	-
Wheelwright	18	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	10	-
Others	50	1
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	97	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	793	3
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	527	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	178	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	10	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	19	2
Sail Maker	59	1
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	272	108
Dye, Paint Manufacture	24	88
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	2	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	7	9
Chemist, Druggist	142	5
Manufacturing Chemist	85	3
Alkali Manufacture	5	2
Drysalter	7	1
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	124	167
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	109	161
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	15	6
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	3,075	1,015
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	306	92
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	18	265
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	30	27
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Maltster	8	-
Brewer	110	4
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	58	18
Cellarman	53	9
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	89	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	108	50
Cheesemonger, Butterman	17	4
Butcher, Meat Salesman	590	16
Provision Curer, Dealer	248	137
Poulterer, Game Dealer	14	12
Fishmonger	62	37
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	87	8
Corn Miller	76	2
Baker	182	17
Confectioner, Pastrycook	102	116
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	156	69
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	9	2
Sugar Refiner	4	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	703	125
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	43	5
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	885	249
Woolstapler	2	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	6	4
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	2	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	6	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	3
Silk Dyer, Printer	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	3	8
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	4	3
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	1
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	2	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	58	24
Mat Maker, Seller	3	1
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	18	6
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	2	17
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	4	5
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	23	10
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	3
Felt Manufacture	1	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	4	1
Manchester Warehouseman	2	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	728	139
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	11	22
Embroiderer	1	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	2,123	2,764
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	52	17
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	4	19
Tailor	926	138
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	4	2,123
Shawl Manufacture	-	2
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	1	319
Hosiery Manufacture	1	9
Hosier, Haberdasher	31	10
Glover, Glove Maker	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	937	119
Patten, Clog Maker	21	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	128	3
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	9	2
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	8	3
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	551	94
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	21	5
Soap Boiler, Maker	18	1
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Manure Manufacture	61	10
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	1
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	31	47
Tanner, Fellmonger	92	3
Currier	206	5
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	22	3
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	1	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	95	12
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	5
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	799	90
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	25	-
Oil and Colourman	2	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Japanner	14	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	8	1
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	14	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	22	1
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	8	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	44	3
Sawyer	179	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	14	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	44	13
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	181	2
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	46	1
Paper Manufacture	45	34
Envelope Maker	-	1
Stationer, Law Stationer	92	18
Paper Stainer	27	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	1	13
Ticket, Label Writer	10	2
Others	22	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	5,850	312
Coal Miner	706	1
Ironstone Miner	5	-
Lead Miner	2	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	30	-
Mine Service	18	1
Coal Merchant	119	3
Coalheaver	29	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	10	-
Gas Works Service	78	2
Stone Quarrier	69	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	20	1
Slate Worker, Dealer	5	-
Limeburner	3	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	6	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	20	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	167	7
Paviour	62	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	3	-
Road Labourer	37	-
Railway Contractor	5	-
Platelayer	90	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	82	-
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	298	209
Glass Manufacture	227	21
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	34	12
Waterworks Service	14	-
Others	6	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	68	6
Gold, Silver, Beater	3	-
Lapidary	-	2
Others	3	1
[Iron Manufacture]	1,499	3
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	903	4
Whitesmith	120	-
Nail Manufacture	12	2
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	85	1
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	158	9
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	7	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
[Coppersmith]	67	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	122	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	128	13
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	77	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	346	1
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	1	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	74	11
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	16	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	6	-
Others	3	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	4,772	636
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	93	230
Pawnbroker	63	40
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	157	208
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	93	7
Contractor (undefined)	33	-
General Labourer	3,135	29
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	444	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	478	55
Apprentice (undefined)	18	4
Factory Labourer (undefined)	178	38
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	80	25
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	55	17
Town Drainage Service	6	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	43	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	2	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	4	17
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	568	4,008
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	568	4,008
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	694	24,505
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	69	8
[Blank field, or illegible]	625	24,497

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)