Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List West Riding RegC	Ecclesall Bierlow RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	319	12
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	67	9
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	57	2
Police	140	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	38	1
Other Local or County Official	17	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	779	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	35	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	725	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	4	-
Army Pensioner	13	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	1,034	782
Clergymen (Established Church)	37	-
Roman Catholic Priest	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	36	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	17	12
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	11
Theological Student	15	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	17	-
Barrister, Solicitor	71	1
Law Student	3	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	164	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	46	-
Dentist	15	-
Medical Student, Assistant	34	3
Midwife	-	12
Subordinate Medical Service	6	88
Schoolmaster	197	466
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	16	61
School Service, and others connected with teaching	23	8
Author, Editor, Journalist	22	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	8	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	12	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	3	-
Civil Engineer	29	-
Mining Engineer	16	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	17	-
Painter (artist)	37	8
Engraver (artist)	26	18
Sculptor	4	-
Architect	46	1
Musician, Music Master	51	72
Art Student	17	3
Photographer	24	9
Actor	2	3
Art, Music, Theatre Service	4	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	7	4
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	9	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	513	5,903
Domestic Coachman, Groom	246	-
Domestic Gardener	130	1
Domestic Indoor Servant	65	5,267
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	50	45
College, Club Service	6	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	7
Cook (not domestic)	2	2
Charwoman	-	315
Washing and Bathing Service	3	259
Hospital and Institution Service	6	7
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	1,891	35
Merchant	37	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	92	2
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	51	1
Accountant	95	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	5	2
Commercial Traveller	262	1
Commercial Clerk	1,136	24
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	-
Bank Service	90	1
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	10	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	111	3
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,105	106
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	5	-
Railway Guard	1	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	116	1
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	-	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	31	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	168	2
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	432	3
Tramway Companies' Service	35	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	9	-
Ship Steward, Cook	-	5
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	58	79
Meter, Weigher	2	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	239	13
Telegraph, Telephone Service	6	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	895	31
Farmer, Grazier	195	11
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	71	1
Farm Bailiff	10	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	382	18
Shepherd	3	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	9	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	8	1
Gardener (not domestic)	215	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	179	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	147	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	9	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	8	-
Drover	1	-
Gamekeeper	9	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	4	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	355	51
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	31	7
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	7	1
Bookbinder	20	18
Printer	221	10
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	34	11
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	41	4
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	10,698	1,212
Engine, Machine Maker	167	2
Millwright	27	2
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	232	1
Boiler Maker	13	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	15	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	312	11
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	844	46
Cutler, Scissors Maker	5,981	577
File Maker	2,072	440
Saw Maker	473	29
Needle Maker	1	-
Steel Pen Maker	4	1
Domestic Implement Maker	72	8
[Others]	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	52	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	40	12
Electrical Apparatus Maker	4	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	58	33
Surgical Instrument Maker	158	28
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	6	-
Sword, Bayonet - Maker, Cutler	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	41	-
Type Cutter, Founder	41	14
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	55	2
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	3
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	25	2
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,996	194
Builder	105	-
Carpenter, Joiner	794	5
Bricklayer	316	-
Mason	611	-
Slater, Tiler	43	2
Plasterer, Whitewasher	116	-
Paperhanger	12	6
Plumber	159	1
Painter, Glazier	301	3
Cabinet Maker	323	111
French Polisher	37	48
Furniture Broker, Dealer	29	9
Locksmith, Bellhanger	7	-
Gas Fitter	44	1
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	5	-
Wood Carver	39	3
Carver, Gilder	41	3
Dealer in Works of Art	5	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	2	2
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	250	2
Coachmaker	86	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	60	1
Wheelwright	68	1
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Others	4	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	26	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	142	8
Chemist, Druggist	110	3
Manufacturing Chemist	23	5
Alkali Manufacture	1	-
Drysalter	8	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	48	78
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	47	73
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	5
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,724	441
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	154	25
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	71
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	13	3
Maltster	4	-
Brewer	116	3
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	36	6
Cellarman	15	2
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	43	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	82	8
Cheesemonger, Butterman	2	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	339	9
Provision Curer, Dealer	80	34
Poulterer, Game Dealer	6	4
Fishmonger	39	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	18	-
Corn Miller	42	2
Baker	45	11
Confectioner, Pastrycook	94	99
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	99	28
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	5	21
Sugar Refiner	6	2
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	466	109
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	20	1
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	236	150
Woolstapler	1	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	4	3
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	-	2
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	10	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	1	4
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	3
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	7
Tape Manufacturer, Dealer	-	4
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	-	2
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Weaver (undefined)	-	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	9	9
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	3	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	2	-
Manchester Warehouseman	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	198	106
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	7
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	820	1,677
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	24	1
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	8
Tailor	309	73
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	35	1,390
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	2	77
Hosiery Manufacture	2	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	27	36
Button Maker, Dealer	34	30
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	302	45
Patten, Clog Maker	15	1
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	49	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	19	10
Accoutrement Maker	1	-
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	3
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	386	138
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	2	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	-	1
Manure Manufacture	2	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	158	28
Comb Maker	71	24
Furrier, Skinner	9	2
Tanner, Fellmonger	25	-
Currier	37	4
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	33	28
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	6	20
Brush, Broom, Maker	43	31
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	341	76
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	1
Oil and Colourman	-	1
Japanner	2	7
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	4	-
Others	4	2
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	12	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	20	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	34	-
Sawyer	26	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	102	5
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	72	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Others	4	-
Paper Manufacture	9	5
Stationer, Law Stationer	35	29
Card, Pattern Card Maker	-	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	5	23
Ticket, Label Writer	1	-
Others	2	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	4,680	626
Coal Miner	65	1
Ironstone Miner	1	-
Lead Miner	2	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	-	3
Mine Service	19	1
Coal Merchant	74	5
Coalheaver	5	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	1
Gas Works Service	112	1
Stone Quarrier	114	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	42	2
Slate Quarrier	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	5	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	121	-
Paviour	22	1
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	3	-
Road Labourer	33	-
Railway Contractor	3	-
Platelayer	10	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	26	-
Others	3	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	49	3
Glass Manufacture	40	8
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	19	3
Salt Maker, Dealer	3	-
Waterworks Service	9	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	864	64
Lapidary	-	2
Others	112	305
[Iron Manufacture]	307	2
[Steel Manufacture]	789	3
Blacksmith	293	2
Whitesmith	31	1
Nail Manufacture	11	5
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	124	7
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	242	2
[Coppersmith]	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	47	14
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	12	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	25	23
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	144	6
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	22
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	748	116
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	82	2
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	22	13
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	13	2
Clasp, Buckle, Hinge Maker	-	1
Others	29	4
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,258	185
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	36	69
Pawnbroker	84	2
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	41	14
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	33	1
Contractor (undefined)	11	-
General Labourer	631	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	183	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	176	22
Apprentice (undefined)	7	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	52	62
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	4	9
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	37	2
Town Drainage Service	3	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	29	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	4	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	2
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	375	2,769
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	375	2,769
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	411	19,895
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	25	3
[Blank field, or illegible]	386	19,892

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)