Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Portsmouth RegD/PLPar/PLU	Landport SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	388	11
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	164	7
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	46	-
Prison Service, &c.	10	-
Police	129	1
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	26	1
Other Local or County Official	9	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	4	2
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	2,963	39
Army Officer (effective/retired)	199	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1,100	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	27	-
Army Pensioner	53	3
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	333	6
Seaman, R.N.	649	4
Royal Marines (officers/men)	73	-
Navy Pensioner	529	25
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	486	587
Clergymen (Established Church)	27	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	16	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	9	5
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	1
Theological Student	3	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	-
Barrister, Solicitor	28	-
Law Student	2	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	31	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	33	-
Dentist	10	-
Medical Student, Assistant	21	-
Midwife	-	8
Subordinate Medical Service	7	89
Schoolmaster	107	328
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	17	64
School Service, and others connected with teaching	7	5
Author, Editor, Journalist	12	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	2	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	-
Civil Engineer	13	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	5	-
Painter (artist)	12	2
Architect	20	-
Musician, Music Master	51	58
Art Student	3	-
Photographer	16	10
Actor	10	14
Art, Music, Theatre Service	6	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	2	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	10	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	365	4,664
Domestic Coachman, Groom	91	-
Domestic Gardener	45	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	119	3,698
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	74	67
College, Club Service	7	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	1
Cook (not domestic)	8	5
Charwoman	-	220
Washing and Bathing Service	10	659
Hospital and Institution Service	7	14
Others engaged in Service	1	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	417	13
Merchant	6	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	17	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	24	-
Accountant	15	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	-
Commercial Traveller	54	2
Commercial Clerk	206	8
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	4	-
Banker	2	1
Bank Service	51	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	36	2
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,178	12
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	59	-
Railway Guard	30	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	6	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	159	2
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	34	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	74	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	169	3
Tramway Companies' Service	22	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	10	-
Inland Navigation Service	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	10	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	262	2
Pilot	3	-
Ship Steward, Cook	24	1
Boatman on Seas	9	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	53	1
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	19	-
Meter, Weigher	2	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	218	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	10	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	138	10
Farmer, Grazier	16	2
Farm Bailiff	3	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	42	6
Shepherd	1	-
Agricultural Student	2	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	11	2
Gardener (not domestic)	61	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	78	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	36	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	5	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	5	-
Drover	4	-
Gamekeeper	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	-
Fisherman	19	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	4	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	155	17
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	27	7
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	4	1
Bookbinder	3	8
Printer	104	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	15	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	1	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	504	7
Engine, Machine Maker	67	2
Millwright	32	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	228	1
Boiler Maker	90	1
Tool Maker, Dealer	3	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	5	-
Saw Maker	3	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	49	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	1	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	4	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	4	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	10	1
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	3	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	2	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,233	23
Builder	87	-
Carpenter, Joiner	731	-
Bricklayer	484	1
Mason	95	-
Slater, Tiler	16	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	123	1
Paperhanger	12	1
Plumber	123	1
Painter, Glazier	341	2
Cabinet Maker	104	11
French Polisher	14	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	31	5
Locksmith, Bellhanger	2	-
Gas Fitter	44	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	3	-
Wood Carver	1	-
Carver, Gilder	15	-
Dealer in Works of Art	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	-
Artificial Flower Maker	-	1
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	122	-
Coachmaker	61	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	40	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	17	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1,481	3
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	568	3
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	806	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	8	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	65	-
Sail Maker	34	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	58	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	57	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	28	9
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	25	9
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	3	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,420	449
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	103	22
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	40	247
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	12	5
Brewer	79	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	99	31
Cellarman	17	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	21	3
Milkseller, Dairyman	79	8
Cheesemonger, Butterman	3	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	168	14
Provision Curer, Dealer	17	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	9	2
Fishmonger	39	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	16	1
Corn Miller	14	-
Baker	262	12
Confectioner, Pastrycook	39	28
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	120	39
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	267	33
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	15	2
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	155	185
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	-	7
Ribbon Manufacture	-	1
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	3
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	14	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	9	6
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	127	153
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	9
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	1
Embroiderer	-	4
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	652	2,296
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	11	7
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	7
Tailor	240	225
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	83	1,686
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	3	316
Hosiery Manufacture	1	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	9	3
Glover, Glove Maker	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	264	32
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	34	1
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	4
Accoutrement Maker	2	2
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	2	12
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	40	9
Soap Boiler, Maker	2	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	-
Currier	14	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	8	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	14	4
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	5
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	182	29
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	1
Oil and Colourman	3	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	13	4
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Thatcher	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	29	1
Sawyer	47	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	10	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	14	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	21	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	17	-
Paper Manufacture	2	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	15	10
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	3	12
Ticket, Label Writer	3	-
Others	2	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	818	14
Coal Miner	1	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	1	-
Coal Merchant	37	4
Coalheaver	15	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Gas Works Service	26	-
Stone Quarrier	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	5	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	102	-
Paviour	4	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	32	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	5	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	19	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	2	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	20	4
Waterworks Service	18	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	17	1
Gold, Silver, Beater	3	-
[Iron Manufacture]	80	-
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	276	1
Whitesmith	29	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	35	2
[Coppersmith]	35	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	17	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	25	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,071	69
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	108	35
Pawnbroker	34	3
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	67	15
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	15	2
Contractor (undefined)	3	-
General Labourer	753	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	51	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	33	5
Factory Labourer (undefined)	4	1
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	6
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	18	1
Town Drainage Service	4	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	11	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	374	2,978
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	374	2,978
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	155	9,614
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	10	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	145	9,612

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)