1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Cardiff RegD/PLU	Cardiff SubD	Caerau CP/Ch Cogan CP/AP Lavernock CP/AP Lecwith CP/AP Llandaff CP/AP Llandough Juxta Penarth CP/AP Michaelston le Pit CP/AP Penarth CP/AP Radur CP/AP Roath CP/AP Rumney CP/AP St Fagans CP/AP St John CP St Mary CP St Mellons CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	431	13
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	189	9
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	51	-
Prison Service, &c.	13	1
Police	128	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	37	2
Other Local or County Official	13	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	300	3
Army Officer (effective/retired)	16	3
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	164	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	34	-
Army Pensioner	21	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	5	-
Seaman, R.N.	49	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	3	-
Navy Pensioner	8	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	773	646
Clergymen (Established Church)	39	-
Roman Catholic Priest	8	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	43	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	12	3
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	5
Theological Student	21	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	11	6
Barrister, Solicitor	51	-
Law Student	4	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	92	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	43	-
Dentist	7	-
Medical Student, Assistant	8	1
Midwife	-	10
Subordinate Medical Service	10	174
Schoolmaster	109	344
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	10	41
School Service, and others connected with teaching	4	5
Author, Editor, Journalist	14	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	6	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	4	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	3	-
Civil Engineer	67	-
Mining Engineer	23	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	19	-
Painter (artist)	13	3
Engraver (artist)	3	-
Sculptor	7	-
Architect	33	-
Musician, Music Master	42	35
Art Student	3	6
Photographer	21	1
Actor	13	11
Art, Music, Theatre Service	5	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	3	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	22	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	405	5,287
Domestic Coachman, Groom	56	-
Domestic Gardener	59	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	176	4,252
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	5	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	77	182
College, Club Service	7	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	5	22
Cook (not domestic)	3	9
Charwoman	1	254
Washing and Bathing Service	6	535
Hospital and Institution Service	5	23
Others engaged in Service	5	10
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	1,561	26
Merchant	25	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	181	4
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	39	-
Accountant	136	2
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	5	2
Commercial Traveller	209	2
Commercial Clerk	851	16
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	7	-
Banker	2	-
Bank Service	46	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	3	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	57	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	5,892	36
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	240	2
Railway Guard	150	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	34	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	655	3
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	2	3
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	36	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	203	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	97	-
Tramway Companies' Service	31	-
Inland Navigation Service	13	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	136	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	52	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	2,984	8
Pilot	176	-
Ship Steward, Cook	106	1
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	642	5
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	61	3
Meter, Weigher	23	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	219	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	32	10
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	821	32
Farmer, Grazier	101	7
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	55	-
Farm Bailiff	80	1
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	336	15
Shepherd	7	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Woodman	8	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	7	-
Gardener (not domestic)	226	9
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	156	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	95	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	7	1
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	15	-
Drover	10	-
Gamekeeper	10	-
Fisherman	16	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	275	51
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	22	8
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	2
Bookbinder	23	32
Printer	200	8
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	16	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	13	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	1,085	8
Engine, Machine Maker	144	3
Millwright	9	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	445	-
Boiler Maker	364	3
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	6	-
File Maker	9	-
Saw Maker	3	-
Pin Maker	2	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	48	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	10	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	16	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	6	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	4	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	8	1
Toy Maker, Dealer	3	1
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	2	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	5	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	3,416	22
Builder	120	3
Carpenter, Joiner	1,209	3
Bricklayer	103	-
Mason	991	2
Slater, Tiler	5	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	223	-
Paperhanger	7	-
Plumber	113	-
Painter, Glazier	408	1
Cabinet Maker	95	12
French Polisher	18	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	13	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	4	-
Gas Fitter	56	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	12	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	8	-
Wood Carver	6	-
Carver, Gilder	16	-
Dealer in Works of Art	3	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	3	-
Artificial Flower Maker	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	235	2
Coachmaker	57	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	35	1
Wheelwright	65	-
Others	41	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	37	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	846	2
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	108	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	500	1
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	16	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	143	1
Sail Maker	79	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	102	6
Dye, Paint Manufacture	11	2
Chemist, Druggist	73	4
Manufacturing Chemist	13	-
Alkali Manufacture	5	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	13	14
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	13	14
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,590	395
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	223	42
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	38	102
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	20	11
Maltster	10	-
Brewer	64	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	15	2
Cellarman	28	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	16	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	50	23
Cheesemonger, Butterman	6	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	255	11
Provision Curer, Dealer	35	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	3	4
Fishmonger	36	5
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	29	1
Corn Miller	28	2
Baker	240	16
Confectioner, Pastrycook	41	34
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	90	45
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	3	-
Sugar Refiner	8	2
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	347	93
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	5	2
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	357	175
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	5	1
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	2
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	-	2
Silk Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	2
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	6
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	15	-
Mat Maker, Seller	4	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	2	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	15	13
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	294	134
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	12
Others	3	-
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	756	1,639
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	11	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	2
Tailor	340	140
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	1	1,328
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	2	136
Hosiery Manufacture	-	2
Hosier, Haberdasher	10	2
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	327	20
Patten, Clog Maker	1	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	57	2
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	7	4
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	47	4
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	4	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	2	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	9	-
Currier	18	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	7	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	4	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	3
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	423	74
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Oil and Colourman	1	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	1	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	7	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	37	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	19	1
Thatcher	3	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	75	2
Sawyer	115	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	15	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	15	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	28	1
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Others	3	-
Paper Manufacture	74	39
Stationer, Law Stationer	18	20
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	1	9
Others	5	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	3,022	35
Coal Miner	190	1
Ironstone Miner	2	-
Copper Miner	1	-
Lead Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	2	-
Mine Service	61	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	193	1
Coal Merchant	202	4
Coalheaver	637	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	44	-
Stone Quarrier	8	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	26	-
Slate Quarrier	23	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	14	-
Limeburner	12	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	1
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	4	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	55	-
Paviour	4	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	4	-
Road Labourer	21	-
Railway Contractor	7	-
Platelayer	130	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	129	-
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	12	-
Glass Manufacture	6	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	18	9
Waterworks Service	6	-
Others	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	25	3
[Iron Manufacture]	286	1
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	561	-
Nail Manufacture	5	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	3	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	100	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	4	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	64	-
[Coppersmith]	27	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	68	13
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	4	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	23	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	2	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	24	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	6	-
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	5,294	305
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	100	86
Pawnbroker	35	7
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	60	140
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	272	4
Contractor (undefined)	25	-
General Labourer	3,722	33
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	590	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	267	13
Apprentice (undefined)	77	3
Factory Labourer (undefined)	123	4
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	23	14
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	39	1
Town Drainage Service	7	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	23	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	5	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	4	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	525	4,296
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	525	4,296
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	572	13,647
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	50	33
[Blank field, or illegible]	522	13,614

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

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