Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Manchester PLU/PLPar/RegD	Newton CP/Ch

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	71	3
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	9	3
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	19	-
Prison Service, &c.	2	-
Police	18	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	20	-
Other Local or County Official	3	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	11	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	3	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	4	-
Navy Pensioner	2	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	148	108
Clergymen (Established Church)	7	-
Roman Catholic Priest	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	3	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	2	3
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	1
Barrister, Solicitor	4	-
Law Student	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	23	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	7	-
Dentist	1	-
Medical Student, Assistant	2	-
Midwife	-	5
Subordinate Medical Service	1	16
Schoolmaster	31	66
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	1	6
School Service, and others connected with teaching	3	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	5	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Civil Engineer	7	-
Mining Engineer	3	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	5	-
Painter (artist)	4	-
Engraver (artist)	7	-
Architect	5	-
Musician, Music Master	9	8
Art Student	1	-
Photographer	5	2
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	-	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	71	872
Domestic Coachman, Groom	15	-
Domestic Gardener	14	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	7	688
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	3	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	21	25
College, Club Service	2	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	5
Cook (not domestic)	2	1
Charwoman	-	75
Washing and Bathing Service	2	64
Hospital and Institution Service	1	11
Others engaged in Service	3	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	495	15
Merchant	6	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	49	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	9	-
Accountant	14	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	14	1
Commercial Traveller	57	-
Commercial Clerk	308	11
Bank Service	7	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	31	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	926	9
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	132	-
Railway Guard	31	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	15	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	194	2
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	4	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	9	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	225	-
Tramway Companies' Service	3	-
Inland Navigation Service	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	20	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	7	1
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	145	2
Meter, Weigher	1	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	125	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	10	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	58	2
Farmer, Grazier	18	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	5	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	27	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	3	-
Gardener (not domestic)	4	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	22	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	11	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	3	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	1
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	4	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	75	13
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	5	2
Bookbinder	8	7
Printer	50	3
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	4	1
Others	1	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	685	20
Engine, Machine Maker	116	1
Millwright	27	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	212	-
Boiler Maker	66	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	179	14
Tool Maker, Dealer	6	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
File Maker	32	2
Saw Maker	3	-
Pin Maker	-	2
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	12	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	8	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	14	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1	-
Type Cutter, Founder	2	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	742	28
Builder	19	1
Carpenter, Joiner	231	-
Bricklayer	93	-
Mason	62	-
Slater, Tiler	12	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	21	-
Paperhanger	6	-
Plumber	75	-
Painter, Glazier	129	4
Cabinet Maker	54	12
French Polisher	6	5
Furniture Broker, Dealer	7	4
Locksmith, Bellhanger	3	-
Gas Fitter	1	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	4	-
Wood Carver	4	-
Carver, Gilder	10	1
Artificial Flower Maker	1	1
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	384	1
Coachmaker	201	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	107	-
Wheelwright	59	-
Others	5	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	12	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1	-
Sail Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	150	56
Dye, Paint Manufacture	4	1
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	7	1
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	25	49
Chemist, Druggist	7	3
Manufacturing Chemist	99	-
Alkali Manufacture	2	-
Drysalter	6	2
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	19	11
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	6	8
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	13	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	418	136
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	19	1
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	27
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	8	2
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	28	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	54	13
Cellarman	1	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	5	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	10	3
Cheesemonger, Butterman	1	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	62	10
Provision Curer, Dealer	24	27
Poulterer, Game Dealer	1	1
Fishmonger	11	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	7	1
Corn Miller	9	-
Baker	57	3
Confectioner, Pastrycook	7	16
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	26	6
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	-	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	82	23
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	5	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	1,207	2,184
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	2	1
Wool, Woollen goods - Dyer, Printer	1	-
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	9	7
Flannel Manufacture	1	-
Blanket Manufacture	2	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	12	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	58	215
Silk Dyer, Printer	20	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	5	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	525	1,560
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	348	40
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	26	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	12	49
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	10	4
Fustian Manufacturer, Dealer	20	27
Thread Manufacturer, Dealer	-	5
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	1	-
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	9	4
Mat Maker, Seller	-	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	2	1
Weaver (undefined)	6	61
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	73	43
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	24	85
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	3	1
Manchester Warehouseman	16	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	19	32
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	12
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	18
Embroiderer	-	6
Others	2	12
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	218	572
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	12	22
Tailor	62	129
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	6	291
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	3	100
Hosiery Manufacture	1	2
Hosier, Haberdasher	1	-
Glover, Glove Maker	-	1
Button Maker, Dealer	-	4
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	73	4
Patten, Clog Maker	38	1
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	11	1
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	11	16
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	121	14
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	11	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	2	-
Others	3	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	1
Tanner, Fellmonger	57	-
Currier	16	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	16	-
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	2
Brush, Broom, Maker	8	5
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	6
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	247	155
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	6	1
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	40	-
Japanner	5	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	21	3
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	13	-
Others	4	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	1	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	23	-
Sawyer	48	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	5	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	22	114
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	26	1
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Paper Manufacture	6	5
Stationer, Law Stationer	8	9
Card, Pattern Card Maker	10	-
Paper Stainer	2	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	3	22
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,436	63
Coal Miner	88	-
Ironstone Miner	-	1
Mine Service	2	-
Coal Merchant	28	3
Coalheaver	13	1
Gas Works Service	26	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	88	1
Paviour	23	-
Road Labourer	12	-
Railway Contractor	3	-
Platelayer	31	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	135	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	1
Glass Manufacture	109	11
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	2	1
Waterworks Service	1	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	6	2
Others	7	22
[Iron Manufacture]	483	3
[Steel Manufacture]	12	-
Blacksmith	171	-
Whitesmith	3	-
Nail Manufacture	6	4
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	2	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	11	3
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	15	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	8	-
[Coppersmith]	8	1
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	38	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	8	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	27	1
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	1	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	46	5
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	15	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	-	2
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	914	140
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	23	42
Pawnbroker	17	7
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	34	10
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	16	2
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	535	3
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	151	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	62	8
Apprentice (undefined)	4	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	66	19
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	5	48
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	10	-
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	3	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	5	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	70	696
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	70	696
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	58	4,096
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	14	10
[Blank field, or illegible]	44	4,086

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)