Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Northumberland RegC	Tynemouth RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	275	17
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	94	3
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	31	7
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	115	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	27	7
Other Local or County Official	7	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	180	1
Army Officer (effective/retired)	8	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	89	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	3	-
Army Pensioner	12	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	14	-
Seaman, R.N.	48	-
Navy Pensioner	6	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	583	475
Clergymen (Established Church)	27	-
Roman Catholic Priest	9	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	33	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	6	7
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	6
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	8	2
Barrister, Solicitor	40	1
Law Student	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	56	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	43	-
Dentist	6	-
Medical Student, Assistant	21	-
Midwife	-	4
Subordinate Medical Service	4	50
Schoolmaster	158	345
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	5	16
School Service, and others connected with teaching	9	4
Author, Editor, Journalist	6	3
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	7	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	1
Civil Engineer	32	-
Mining Engineer	27	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	7	-
Painter (artist)	8	2
Engraver (artist)	1	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	13	-
Musician, Music Master	20	26
Art Student	2	1
Photographer	11	1
Actor	7	5
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	5	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	5	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	290	4,452
Domestic Coachman, Groom	53	1
Domestic Gardener	101	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	58	4,015
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	5	2
Inn, Hotel Servant	59	38
College, Club Service	-	1
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	10
Cook (not domestic)	-	1
Charwoman	1	174
Washing and Bathing Service	9	201
Hospital and Institution Service	1	6
Others engaged in Service	2	3
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	827	33
Merchant	20	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	128	3
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	30	-
Accountant	28	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	8
Commercial Traveller	63	-
Commercial Clerk	461	18
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	2	-
Banker	3	-
Bank Service	38	3
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	53	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	4,793	36
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	99	-
Railway Guard	42	2
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	6	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	261	2
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	2
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	6	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	22	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	349	2
Tramway Companies' Service	1	-
Inland Navigation Service	3	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	339	1
Navigation Service (on shore)	74	3
Seaman (Merchant Service)	2,991	9
Pilot	51	-
Ship Steward, Cook	143	6
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	261	1
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	9	2
Meter, Weigher	9	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	115	3
Telegraph, Telephone Service	11	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	886	203
Farmer, Grazier	125	15
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	86	-
Farm Bailiff	28	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	551	186
Shepherd	4	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	10	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	7	-
Woodman	10	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	2	-
Gardener (not domestic)	63	2
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	387	14
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	46	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	3	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	1	-
Drover	1	-
Gamekeeper	5	1
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	3	1
Vermin Destroyer	1	-
Fisherman	325	12
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	121	19
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	17	5
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	-
Bookbinder	2	1
Printer	82	11
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	16	2
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	3	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	1,124	2
Engine, Machine Maker	163	-
Millwright	21	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	535	1
Boiler Maker	347	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
File Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	42	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	4	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	1	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	1	-
Ordnance Manufacturer	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	2,293	18
Builder	59	-
Carpenter, Joiner	947	2
Bricklayer	128	1
Mason	504	1
Slater, Tiler	38	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	30	-
Paperhanger	3	2
Plumber	160	1
Painter, Glazier	274	1
Cabinet Maker	96	8
French Polisher	10	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	5	2
Gas Fitter	11	-
Wood Carver	4	-
Carver, Gilder	22	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Artificial Flower Maker	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	81	1
Coachmaker	28	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	1	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Others	29	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	21	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	3,223	6
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	2,319	4
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	700	2
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	41	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	77	-
Sail Maker	86	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	222	21
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	21
Chemist, Druggist	68	-
Manufacturing Chemist	143	-
Alkali Manufacture	6	-
Drysalter	3	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	22	5
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	15	5
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	7	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,424	448
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	242	38
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	16	135
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	5	3
Maltster	6	-
Brewer	39	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	22	4
Cellarman	6	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	16	7
Milkseller, Dairyman	26	15
Butcher, Meat Salesman	321	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	35	21
Poulterer, Game Dealer	2	1
Fishmonger	29	38
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	15	1
Corn Miller	4	-
Baker	77	5
Confectioner, Pastrycook	19	38
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	63	21
Sugar Refiner	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	474	116
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	5	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	280	114
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	-	1
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	-	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	59	43
Net Maker	-	3
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	3	-
Weaver (undefined)	-	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	6	-
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	2	10
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	205	45
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	8
Trimming Maker, Dealer	1	-
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	625	1,399
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	4	2
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	4
Tailor	310	31
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	2	1,240
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	1	92
Hosier, Haberdasher	1	3
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	251	22
Patten, Clog Maker	3	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	47	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	5	3
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	2
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	27	1
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	-
Manure Manufacture	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	10	-
Currier	9	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	223	10
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Japanner	-	1
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	3	2
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	14	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	18	-
Sawyer	71	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	3	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	8	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	69	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	4	1
Paper Manufacture	3	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	15	6
Ticket, Label Writer	3	-
Others	5	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	10,765	74
Coal Miner	8,166	18
Ironstone Miner	27	-
Lead Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	62	-
Mine Service	23	1
Coal Merchant	28	3
Coalheaver	304	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	3	-
Gas Works Service	29	-
Stone Quarrier	78	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	5	-
Limeburner	1	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	1
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	46	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	67	5
Paviour	13	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	4	-
Road Labourer	36	-
Railway Contractor	2	-
Platelayer	131	1
Railway Labourer, Navvy	110	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	47	27
Glass Manufacture	14	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	9	2
Salt Maker, Dealer	3	-
Waterworks Service	6	2
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	9	3
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	346	-
[Steel Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	780	2
Whitesmith	8	-
Nail Manufacture	5	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	40	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	57	3
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	96	-
[Coppersmith]	19	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	52	1
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	63	5
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	19	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	30	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	15	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	2	-
Others	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	3,194	231
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	61	104
Pawnbroker	21	6
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	36	81
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	51	6
Contractor (undefined)	12	1
General Labourer	2,030	17
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	544	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	368	7
Apprentice (undefined)	13	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	53	4
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	5	5
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	27	-
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	15	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	10	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	344	3,082
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	344	3,082
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	471	19,487
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	30	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	441	19,485

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)