1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Monmouthshire RegC Pont Y Pool RegD/PLU
OCCUPATIONS. Males.
[1]
Females.
[2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY. 71 Show data context 10 Show data context
  Civil Service (officers and clerks) 14 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Civil Service (messengers, &c.) 13 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Prison Service, &c. 9 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Police 23 Show data context -
  Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer 6 Show data context -
  Other Local or County Official 5 Show data context -
  East Indian and Colonial Service 1 Show data context -
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY. 12 Show data context -
  Army Officer (effective/retired) 3 Show data context -
  Soldier and Non-commissioned officer 3 Show data context -
  Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers 3 Show data context -
  Army Pensioner 2 Show data context -
  Royal Marines (officers/men) 1 Show data context -
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES). 218 Show data context 155 Show data context
  Clergymen (Established Church) 25 Show data context -
  Roman Catholic Priest 5 Show data context -
  Minister, Priest of other religious bodies 30 Show data context -
  Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher 1 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Theological Student 19 Show data context -
  Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant 1 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Barrister, Solicitor 10 Show data context -
  Law Student 2 Show data context -
  Law Clerk, and others connected with the law 16 Show data context -
  Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner 10 Show data context -
  Medical Student, Assistant 6 Show data context -
  Midwife - 1 Show data context
  Subordinate Medical Service 2 Show data context 14 Show data context
  Schoolmaster 38 Show data context 108 Show data context
  Teacher, Professor, Lecturer 4 Show data context 13 Show data context
  Author, Editor, Journalist - 1 Show data context
  Reporter, Short-hand Writer 1 Show data context -
  Civil Engineer 5 Show data context -
  Mining Engineer 9 Show data context -
  Land, House, Ship, Surveyor 2 Show data context -
  Painter (artist) 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Sculptor 1 Show data context -
  Architect 1 Show data context -
  Musician, Music Master 8 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Photographer 4 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Actor 8 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Art, Music, Theatre Service 2 Show data context -
  Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service 7 Show data context 2 Show data context
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES. 107 Show data context 1,403 Show data context
  Domestic Coachman, Groom 31 Show data context -
  Domestic Gardener 37 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Domestic Indoor Servant 34 Show data context 1,227 Show data context
  Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government) - 1 Show data context
  Inn, Hotel Servant 5 Show data context 35 Show data context
  Office Keeper (not Government) - 2 Show data context
  Charwoman - 57 Show data context
  Washing and Bathing Service - 75 Show data context
  Hospital and Institution Service - 1 Show data context
  Others engaged in Service - 4 Show data context
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS. 182 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Merchant 2 Show data context -
  Broker, Agent, Factor 6 Show data context -
  Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent 14 Show data context -
  Accountant 17 Show data context -
  Commercial Traveller 23 Show data context -
  Commercial Clerk 99 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Bank Service 11 Show data context -
  Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service 10 Show data context -
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES. 667 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Railway Engine Driver, Stoker 206 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Railway Guard 84 Show data context -
  Pointsman, Level Crossing Man 6 Show data context -
  Other Railway Officials and Servants 275 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper - 1 Show data context
  Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic) 12 Show data context -
  Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier 28 Show data context -
  Inland Navigation Service 3 Show data context -
  Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman 1 Show data context -
  Navigation Service (on shore) 1 Show data context -
  Seaman (Merchant Service) 10 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Ship Steward, Cook 5 Show data context -
  Warehouseman (not Manchester) 3 Show data context -
  Meter, Weigher 9 Show data context -
  Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government) 23 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Telegraph, Telephone Service 1 Show data context 2 Show data context
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE. 930 Show data context 56 Show data context
  Farmer, Grazier 215 Show data context 32 Show data context
  Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew 140 Show data context -
  Farm Bailiff 28 Show data context -
  Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager 450 Show data context 24 Show data context
  Shepherd 7 Show data context -
  Land Drainage Service (not in towns) 6 Show data context -
  Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture 1 Show data context -
  Woodman 36 Show data context -
  Gardener (not domestic) 47 Show data context -
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS. 67 Show data context -
  Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker 47 Show data context -
  Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier 3 Show data context -
  Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman 10 Show data context -
  Gamekeeper 4 Show data context -
  Vermin Destroyer 1 Show data context -
  Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c. 1 Show data context -
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS. 23 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian 3 Show data context -
  Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer 1 Show data context -
  Bookbinder 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Printer 15 Show data context -
  Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper 2 Show data context -
  Lithographer, Lithographic Printer 1 Show data context -
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS. 212 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Engine, Machine Maker 19 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Millwright 9 Show data context -
  Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine) 129 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Boiler Maker 39 Show data context -
  Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker 3 Show data context -
  File Maker 1 Show data context -
  Watch Maker, Clock Maker 10 Show data context -
  Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker 1 Show data context -
  Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS. 515 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Builder 20 Show data context -
  Carpenter, Joiner 145 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Bricklayer 28 Show data context -
  Mason 190 Show data context -
  Slater, Tiler 15 Show data context -
  Plasterer, Whitewasher 36 Show data context -
  Paperhanger 1 Show data context -
  Plumber 8 Show data context -
  Painter, Glazier 50 Show data context -
  Cabinet Maker 12 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Furniture Broker, Dealer 2 Show data context -
  Locksmith, Bellhanger 2 Show data context -
  Gas Fitter 3 Show data context -
  Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker 2 Show data context -
  Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS. 47 Show data context -
  Coachmaker 4 Show data context -
  Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker 3 Show data context -
  Wheelwright 25 Show data context -
  Others 3 Show data context -
  Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker 12 Show data context -
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS. 2 Show data context -
  Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore) 1 Show data context -
  Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter 1 Show data context -
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS. 24 Show data context -
  Chemist, Druggist 14 Show data context -
  Manufacturing Chemist 10 Show data context -
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING. 427 Show data context 95 Show data context
  Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican 81 Show data context 31 Show data context
  Lodging, Boarding House Keeper - 4 Show data context
  Coffee, Eating House, Keeper - 1 Show data context
  Maltster 8 Show data context -
  Brewer 15 Show data context -
  Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer 8 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent 3 Show data context -
  Milkseller, Dairyman 5 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Butcher, Meat Salesman 78 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Provision Curer, Dealer 4 Show data context -
  Fishmonger 8 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Corn Miller 10 Show data context -
  Baker 39 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Confectioner, Pastrycook 7 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Greengrocer, Fruiterer 10 Show data context 11 Show data context
  Sugar Refiner 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer 147 Show data context 26 Show data context
  Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer 1 Show data context -
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS. 50 Show data context 52 Show data context
  Woolstapler 1 Show data context -
  Woollen Cloth Manufacture 4 Show data context -
  Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture - 1 Show data context
  Carpet, Rug Manufacture - 1 Show data context
  Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer 45 Show data context 47 Show data context
  Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer - 3 Show data context
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS. 263 Show data context 390 Show data context
  Tailor 58 Show data context 28 Show data context
  Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker - 323 Show data context
  Shirt Maker, Seamstress - 19 Show data context
  Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer 188 Show data context 20 Show data context
  Patten, Clog Maker 6 Show data context -
  Wig Maker, Hair Dresser 11 Show data context -
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. 10 Show data context -
  Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture 2 Show data context -
  Furrier, Skinner 2 Show data context -
  Tanner, Fellmonger 3 Show data context -
  Currier 3 Show data context -
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 45 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker 5 Show data context -
  Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer 4 Show data context -
  Thatcher 1 Show data context -
  Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer 6 Show data context -
  Sawyer 17 Show data context -
  Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Wood Turner, Box Maker 2 Show data context -
  Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender 7 Show data context -
  Stationer, Law Stationer 2 Show data context 2 Show data context
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES. 4,642 Show data context 229 Show data context
  Coal Miner 2,531 Show data context 45 Show data context
  Ironstone Miner 23 Show data context -
  Tin Miner 2 Show data context -
  Miner, in other or undefined Minerals 23 Show data context 13 Show data context
  Mine Service 16 Show data context -
  [Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook] 154 Show data context -
  Coal Merchant 16 Show data context -
  Coalheaver 12 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer 27 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Gas Works Service 13 Show data context -
  Stone Quarrier 27 Show data context -
  Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer 5 Show data context -
  Limeburner 1 Show data context -
  Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer 5 Show data context -
  Well Sinker, Borer 3 Show data context -
  Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer 41 Show data context 23 Show data context
  Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector 2 Show data context -
  Road Labourer 8 Show data context -
  Railway Contractor 2 Show data context -
  Platelayer 78 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Railway Labourer, Navvy 65 Show data context -
  Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture - 1 Show data context
  Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer 6 Show data context -
  Waterworks Service 1 Show data context -
  [Iron Manufacture] 756 Show data context 16 Show data context
  [Steel Manufacture] 73 Show data context -
  Blacksmith 221 Show data context -
  Nail Manufacture 8 Show data context -
  Anchor, Chain Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant 24 Show data context -
  Other Iron and Steel Manufacture 14 Show data context -
  [Coppersmith] 1 Show data context -
  Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 447 Show data context 117 Show data context
  Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer 6 Show data context -
  Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier 1 Show data context -
  White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer 1 Show data context -
  Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer 3 Show data context -
  Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker 22 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Others 2 Show data context -
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES. 1,139 Show data context 52 Show data context
  General Shopkeeper, Dealer 17 Show data context 13 Show data context
  Pawnbroker 6 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller 17 Show data context 12 Show data context
  Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined) 13 Show data context -
  Contractor (undefined) 9 Show data context -
  General Labourer 794 Show data context 8 Show data context
  Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural) 201 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Artizan, Mechanic (undefined) 38 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Factory Labourer (undefined) 39 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined) 5 Show data context 5 Show data context
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS. 8 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant 4 Show data context -
  Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper 1 Show data context -
  Rag Gatherer, Dealer 3 Show data context 1 Show data context
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS. 101 Show data context 767 Show data context
  Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation 101 Show data context 767 Show data context
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION] 147 Show data context 5,617 Show data context
  [Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning] 15 Show data context 1 Show data context
  [Blank field, or illegible] 132 Show data context 5,616 Show data context

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1 This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2 In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3 NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4 The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5 Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6 In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.


Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)