A vision of Britain through time
A vision of Britain from 1801 to now.
Including maps, statistical trends and historical descriptions.
A vision of Britain through time
A vision of Britain from 1801 to now.
Including maps, statistical trends and historical descriptions.
1971 Census of England and Wales, Economic activity County Leaflets (Sample Report Title: Census 1971: England and Wales: Economic Activity Leaflet: (Laid before Parliament pursuant to Section 4 (1), Census Act 1920) Durham), Table 3 : " Industry and status by area of workplace and sex for County, county boroughs, urban areas with populations of 50,000 or more, conurbation centres".
| List Greater London AdmC | Havering LB |
|---|
| Industry |
Males [1] |
Females [2] |
Married Females [3] |
|---|---|---|---|
| In employment |
41,530 
|
30,620
|
22,870
|
| Self-employed |
5,810
|
1,000
|
810
|
| Self-employed without employees |
4,150
|
610
|
470
|
| Self-employed with employees |
1,660
|
390
|
340
|
| Employees |
35,720
|
29,620
|
22,060
|
| Managers |
4,400
|
970
|
730
|
| [Managers] Large establishments |
1,260
|
250
|
190
|
| [Managers] Small establishments |
3,140
|
720
|
540
|
| Foremen and supervisors |
2,150
|
670
|
440
|
| [Foremen and supervisors] manual |
1,520
|
260
|
190
|
| [Foremen and supervisors] non-manual |
630
|
410
|
250
|
| Apprentices, articled clerks and formal trainees |
1,920
|
610
|
90
|
| Professional employees |
1,070
|
220
|
140
|
| Family workers |
60
|
380
|
360
|
| Other employees (excluding professional) |
26,120
|
26,770
|
20,300
|
| I. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING |
240
|
30
|
20
|
| 001 Agriculture and horticulture |
230
|
30
|
20
|
| 1. Farming and stockrearing |
180
|
20
|
10
|
| 2. Agriculture contracting |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 3. Market gardening, fruit, flower and seed growing |
50
|
10
|
10
|
| 002 Forestry |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 003 Fishing |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| II. MINING AND QUARRYING |
140
|
20
|
20
|
| 101 Coal mining |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| 102 Stone and slate quarrying and mining |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 103 Chalk, clay, sand and gravel extraction |
130
|
20
|
20
|
| 104 Petroleum and natural gas |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 109 Other mining and quarrying |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| III. FOOD, DRINK AND TOBACCO |
1,550
|
310
|
230
|
| 211 Grain milling |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 212 Bread and flour confectionery |
180
|
80
|
60
|
| 213 Biscuits |
20
|
10
|
0
|
| 214 Bacon curing, meat and fish products |
90
|
20
|
20
|
| 215 Milk and milk products |
40
|
30
|
20
|
| 216 Sugar |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 217 Cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery |
90
|
60
|
60
|
| 218 Fruit and vegetable products |
0
|
10
|
10
|
| 219 Animal and poultry foods |
10
|
10
|
10
|
| 221 Vegetable and animal oils and fats |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 229 Food industries not elsewhere specified |
40
|
10
|
10
|
| 231 Brewing and malting |
1,060
|
70
|
30
|
| 232 Soft drinks |
10
|
10
|
10
|
| 239 Other drink industries |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 240 Tobacco |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| IV. COAL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| 261 Coke ovens and manufactured fuel |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 262 Mineral oil refining |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| 263 Lubricating oils and greases |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| V. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES |
520
|
120
|
100
|
| 271 General chemicals |
210
|
40
|
40
|
| 272 Pharmaceutical chemicals and preparations |
90
|
30
|
20
|
| 273 Toilet preparations |
10
|
10
|
10
|
| 274 Paint |
30
|
30
|
20
|
| 275 Soap and detergents |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 276 Synthetic resins and plastics materials and synthetic rubber |
20
|
0
|
0
|
| 277 Dyestuffs and pigments |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 278 Fertilizers |
120
|
10
|
10
|
| 279 Other chemical industries |
40
|
0
|
0
|
| VI. METAL MANUFACTURE |
1,050
|
270
|
240
|
| 311 Iron and steel (general) |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| 312 Steel tubes |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 313 Iron castings, etc. |
50
|
0
|
0
|
| 321 Aluminium and aluminium alloys |
0
|
10
|
10
|
| 322 Copper, brass and other copper alloys |
30
|
10
|
10
|
| 323 Other base metals |
960
|
250
|
220
|
| VII. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING |
2,010
|
550
|
460
|
| 331 Agricultural machinery (except tractors) |
20
|
0
|
0
|
| 332 Metalworking machine tools |
330
|
40
|
40
|
| 333 Pumps, valves and compressors |
180
|
30
|
10
|
| 334 Industrial engines |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 335 Textile machinery and accessories |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 336 Construction and earth moving equipment |
40
|
0
|
0
|
| 337 Mechanical handling equipment |
40
|
0
|
0
|
| 338 Office machinery |
460
|
290
|
260
|
| 339 Other machinery |
270
|
20
|
20
|
| 341 Industrial (including process) plant and steelwork |
110
|
30
|
20
|
| 342 Ordnance and small arms |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 349 Other mechanical engineering not elsewhere specified |
560
|
140
|
110
|
| VIII. INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING |
100
|
100
|
80
|
| 351 Photographic and document copying equipment |
0
|
10
|
10
|
| 352 Watches and clocks |
0
|
10
|
10
|
| 353 Surgical instruments and appliances |
30
|
30
|
20
|
| 354 Scientific and industrial instruments and systems |
70
|
50
|
40
|
| IX. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING |
1,290
|
1,960
|
1,680
|
| 361 Electrical machinery |
90
|
190
|
140
|
| 362 Insulated wires and cables |
10
|
10
|
10
|
| 363 Telegraph and telephone apparatus and equipment |
110
|
0
|
0
|
| 364 Radio and electronic components |
400
|
850
|
710
|
| 365 Broadcast receiving and sound reproducing equipment |
70
|
150
|
120
|
| 366 Electronic computers |
0
|
10
|
10
|
| 367 Radio, radar and electronic capital goods |
320
|
190
|
180
|
| 368 Electric appliances primarily for domestic use |
90
|
10
|
10
|
| 369 Other electrical goods |
200
|
550
|
500
|
| X. SHIPBUILDING AND MARINE ENGINEERING |
80
|
0
|
0
|
| 370 Shipbuilding and marine engineering |
80
|
0
|
0
|
| XI. VEHICLES |
740
|
140
|
80
|
| 380 Wheeled tractor manufacturing |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 381 Motor vehicle manufacturing |
640
|
120
|
60
|
| 382 Motor cycle, tricycle and pedal cycle manufacturing |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 383 Aerospace equipment manufacturing and repairing |
100
|
20
|
20
|
| 384 Locomotive and railway track equipment |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 385 Railway carriages and wagons and trams |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| XII. METAL GOODS NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED |
1,470
|
420
|
350
|
| 390 Engineers' small tools and gauges |
450
|
40
|
30
|
| 391 Hand tools and implements |
30
|
0
|
0
|
| 392 Cutlery, spoons, forks and plated tableware, etc. |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 393 Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, etc. |
20
|
0
|
0
|
| 394 Wire and wire manufactures |
40
|
30
|
30
|
| 395 Cans and metal boxes |
20
|
50
|
40
|
| 396 Jewellery and precious metals |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 399 Metal industries not elsewhere specified |
910
|
300
|
250
|
| XIII. TEXTILES |
80
|
160
|
90
|
| 411 Production of manmade fibres |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 412 Spinning and doubling on the cotton and flax systems |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 413 Weaving of cotton, linen and manmade fibres |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 414 Woollen and worsted |
10
|
10
|
10
|
| 415 Jute |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 416 Rope, twine and net |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 417 Hosiery and other knitted goods |
0
|
10
|
0
|
| 418 Lace |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 419 Carpets |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 421 Narrow fabrics |
0
|
20
|
20
|
| 422 Made up textiles |
50
|
100
|
60
|
| 423 Textile finishing |
20
|
20
|
0
|
| 429 Other textile industries |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| XIV. LEATHER, LEATHER GOODS AND FUR |
50
|
10
|
0
|
| 431 Leather (tanning and dressing) and fellmongery |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| 432 Leather goods |
10
|
10
|
0
|
| 433 Fur |
30
|
0
|
0
|
| XV. CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR |
560
|
2,530
|
1,890
|
| 441 Weatherproof outerwear |
30
|
20
|
20
|
| 442 Men's and boys' tailored outerwear |
90
|
180
|
120
|
| 443 Women's and girls' tailored outerwear |
10
|
190
|
130
|
| 444 Overalls and men's shirts, underwear, etc. |
110
|
200
|
150
|
| 445 Dresses, lingerie, infants' wear, etc. |
210
|
1,580
|
1,190
|
| 446 Hats, caps and millinery |
10
|
40
|
20
|
| 449 Dress industries not elsewhere specified |
100
|
290
|
230
|
| 450 Footwear |
0
|
30
|
30
|
| XVI. BRICKS, POTTERY, GLASS, CEMENT, ETC. |
80
|
30
|
30
|
| 461 Brick, fireclay and refractory goods |
20
|
0
|
0
|
| 462 Pottery |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 463 Glass |
10
|
10
|
10
|
| 464 Cement |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 469 Abrasives and building materials, etc. not elsewhere specified |
50
|
20
|
20
|
| XVII. TIMBER, FURNITURE, ETC. |
1,920
|
390
|
290
|
| 471 Timber |
840
|
160
|
120
|
| 472 Furniture and upholstery |
620
|
110
|
90
|
| 473 Bedding, etc. |
10
|
60
|
50
|
| 474 Shop and office fitting |
300
|
50
|
20
|
| 475 Wooden containers and baskets |
70
|
10
|
10
|
| 479 Miscellaneous wood and cork manufactures |
80
|
0
|
0
|
| XVIII. PAPER, PRINTING AND PUBLISHING |
960
|
780
|
600
|
| 481 Paper and board |
20
|
20
|
20
|
| 482 Packaging products of paper, board and associated materials |
120
|
170
|
150
|
| 483 Manufactured stationery |
320
|
340
|
230
|
| 484 Manufactures of paper and board not elsewhere specified |
0
|
20
|
20
|
| 485 Printing, publishing of newspapers |
100
|
40
|
20
|
| 486 Printing, publishing of periodicals |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 489 Other printing, publishing, bookbinding, engraving, etc. |
400
|
190
|
160
|
| XIX. OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES |
580
|
960
|
670
|
| 491 Rubber |
50
|
0
|
0
|
| 492 Linoleum, plastics floorcovering, leather, cloth, etc. |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 493 Brushes and brooms |
210
|
280
|
160
|
| 494 Toys, games, children's carriages and sports equipment |
130
|
500
|
370
|
| 495 Miscellaneous stationers' goods |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 496 Plastics products not elsewhere specified |
150
|
160
|
120
|
| 499 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries |
40
|
20
|
20
|
| XX. CONSTRUCTION |
6,010
|
310
|
260
|
| 500 Construction |
6,010
|
310
|
260
|
| XXI. GAS, ELECTRICITY AND WATER |
1,440
|
270
|
190
|
| 601 Gas |
550
|
110
|
100
|
| 602 Electricity |
590
|
100
|
60
|
| 603 Water supply |
300
|
60
|
30
|
| XXII. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION |
4,250
|
670
|
480
|
| 701 Railways |
650
|
30
|
10
|
| 702 Road passenger transport |
1,110
|
90
|
60
|
| 703 Road haulage contracting for general hire or reward |
720
|
80
|
60
|
| 704 Other road haulage |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 705 Sea transport |
70
|
10
|
0
|
| 706 Port and inland water transport |
300
|
0
|
0
|
| 707 Air transport |
10
|
0
|
0
|
| 708 Postal services and telecommunications |
1,090
|
310
|
240
|
| 709 Miscellaneous transport services and storage |
300
|
150
|
110
|
| XXIII. DISTRIBUTIVE TRADES |
6,290
|
6,510
|
5,020
|
| 810 Wholesale distribution of food and drink |
620
|
120
|
100
|
| 811 Wholesale distribution of petroleum products |
80
|
20
|
10
|
| 812 Other wholesale distribution |
460
|
520
|
460
|
| 820 Retail distribution of food and drink |
1,540
|
1,600
|
1,270
|
| 821 Other retail distribution |
2,620
|
3,910
|
2,920
|
| 831 Dealing in coal, oil, builders' materials, grain and agricultural supplies |
410
|
80
|
70
|
| 832 Dealing in other industrial materials and machinery |
560
|
260
|
190
|
| XXIV. INSURANCE, BANKING, FINANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES |
1,330
|
1,820
|
1,210
|
| 860 Insurance |
610
|
570
|
370
|
| 861 Banking and billdiscounting |
260
|
420
|
260
|
| 862 Other financial institutions |
90
|
250
|
130
|
| 863 Property owning and managing, etc. |
190
|
150
|
90
|
| 864 Advertising and market research |
10
|
20
|
20
|
| 865 Other business services |
170
|
410
|
340
|
| 866 Central offices not allocable elsewhere |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| XXV. PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC SERVICES |
3,040
|
7,070
|
5,170
|
| 871 Accountancy services |
120
|
110
|
100
|
| 872 Educational services |
1,380
|
3,790
|
3,000
|
| 1. Maintained primary and secondary schools |
1,040
|
3,210
|
2,530
|
| 2. Other primary and secondary schools |
0
|
140
|
130
|
| 3pt. Universities |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 3pt. Colleges of education |
10
|
40
|
20
|
| 3pt. Establishments for further education |
230
|
230
|
190
|
| 4. Educational administration |
100
|
100
|
70
|
| 5. Educational establishments not elsewhere specified |
0
|
70
|
60
|
| 873 Legal services |
250
|
270
|
160
|
| 874 Medical and dental services |
940
|
2,810
|
1,860
|
| 1. Hospital and consultant services |
570
|
2,230
|
1,510
|
| 2. Local authority health services |
150
|
280
|
190
|
| 3. General medical services |
100
|
140
|
90
|
| 4. Dental services |
70
|
110
|
30
|
| 5. Other medical services |
50
|
50
|
40
|
| 875 Religious organisations |
30
|
0
|
0
|
| 876 Research and development services |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 879 Other professional and scientific services |
320
|
90
|
50
|
| 1. Architects, surveyors and consulting engineers |
200
|
60
|
40
|
| 2. Other scientific and technical services |
10
|
10
|
10
|
| 3. Professional and scientific organisations |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 4. Veterinary surgery |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 5. Other professional services |
110
|
20
|
0
|
| XXVI. MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES |
2,960
|
3,450
|
2,530
|
| 881 Cinemas, theatres, radio, etc. |
90
|
70
|
30
|
| 882 Sport and other recreations |
180
|
220
|
130
|
| 883 Betting and gambling |
130
|
140
|
130
|
| 884 Hotels and other residential establishments |
60
|
20
|
20
|
| 885 Restaurants, cafes, snack bars |
100
|
220
|
210
|
| 886 Public houses |
130
|
270
|
230
|
| 887 Clubs |
40
|
20
|
10
|
| 888 Catering contractors |
40
|
100
|
90
|
| 889 Hairdressing and manicure |
160
|
560
|
220
|
| 891 Private domestic service |
10
|
220
|
140
|
| 892 Laundries |
40
|
260
|
150
|
| 893 Dry cleaning, job dyeing, carpet beating, etc. |
10
|
90
|
60
|
| 894 Motor repairers, distributors, garages and filling stations |
1,470
|
200
|
170
|
| 895 Repair of boots and shoes |
50
|
20
|
20
|
| 899 Other services |
450
|
1,040
|
920
|
| 1. Funeral services |
40
|
10
|
10
|
| 2. Photography |
50
|
20
|
20
|
| 3. Welfare and charitable services |
120
|
740
|
640
|
| 4. Community service not elsewhere specified |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 5. Service of Commonwealth and foreign governments |
0
|
0
|
0
|
| 6. Trade associations |
20
|
30
|
20
|
| 7. Other services |
220
|
240
|
230
|
| XXVII. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE |
2,480
|
1,420
|
970
|
| 901 National government service |
390
|
430
|
320
|
| 1-4. Armed forces |
40
|
10
|
0
|
| 5. Defence departments (civilian staffs) |
0
|
40
|
40
|
| 6. Other national government service |
350
|
380
|
280
|
| 906 Local government service |
2,090
|
990
|
650
|
| 1. Police |
360
|
70
|
30
|
| 2. Fire service |
80
|
0
|
0
|
| 3. Other local government service |
1,650
|
920
|
620
|
| Industry inadequately described |
300
|
320
|
210
|
| Workplace outside United Kingdom |
0
|
0
|
0
|
Comments:
| 1 | All data values have been multiplied by ten, as the original data are from a 10 per cent sample. |
Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.
This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.
The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.