1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List Middlesex RegC	Whitechapel RegD/PLU/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Females	22,171
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	6
(1) Officers of National Government	4
Post Office	0
Others	4
(2) Officers of Local Government	2
Prison Officer	0
Union and Parish Officer	2
Others	0
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	151
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	16
(a) Religious Teachers	7
(b) Pew Opener	6
Other Church Officers	3
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	0
Law Stationer, &c.	0
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	11
Druggist	1
Midwife	9
Other Dealers in Drugs	1
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	0
In Literature	0
(5) Artists	1
Artist, Painter	1
Engaged in Fine Arts	0
Others	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	20
(6} Musician	12
Music-mistress	8
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	6
Actress	4
In Theatres, Exhibitions	2
(8) Teachers	97
Schoolmistress	49
Teacher of Languages	1
General Teacher	16
Governess	30
Other Teachers	1
(9) Scientific Persons	0
Scientific Person	0
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	11,183
(1) Wives	9,682
Wives (not oth. des.)	9,682
(2) Widows	828
Widows (not oth. des.)	828
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	672
Children and Relatives	672
(4) Scholars (so described)	1
Scholars (so described)	1
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	2,638
(1) In Board and Lodging	253
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	0
Innkeeper’s "Wife"	3
Publican	26
Beerseller	5
Publican’s "Wife"	139
Lodging-house Keeper	30
Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife"	21
Coffee-house Keeper	21
Officer of Institution	5
Others	3
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	2,385
Domst. Serv. (General)	1,293
Housekeeper	113
Cook	109
Housemaid	82
Nurse	41
Laundrymaid	1
Inn Servant	42
Hospital Nurse, &c.	71
Nurse (not Domst. Servt.)	143
Charwoman	488
Others	2
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	397
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	8
In Mercantile Pursuits	8
(2) Other General Dealers	389
Pawnbroker	1
Gen. Dlr., Costermonger	143
Shopkeeper	40
Shopkeeper’s "Wife"	8
Hawker and Pedlar	185
Other General Dealers	12
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	13
(1) Carriers on Railways	0
Railway Attendants	0
(2) Carriers on Roads	1
Toll Collector	0
Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr.	0
Carrier, Carter	1
Others	0
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	0
On Canals and Rivers	0
Boat, Barge,--Woman	0
Others	0
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	3
In Sea Navigation	0
Shipowner	0
Others	3
(5) Engaged in Storage	9
Warehouse Woman	6
Others in Storage	3
(6) Messengers and Porters	0
Mess., Port., Errand Girl	0
Others	0
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	15
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	13
Land Proprietor	5
Farmer, Grazier	0
Farmer’s "Wife"	4
Farmer’s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece"	2
Agricultural Labourer.	1
Farm Servant (in-door)	1
Others in Agriculture	0
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	2
Gardener	2
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	1
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	1
Fisherwoman	0
Others	1
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	229
(1) In Books	54
Bookseller, Publisher	1
Bookbinder	45
Printer	1
Others in Publications	7
(2) In Musical Instrument	3
In Musical Instruments	3
(3) In Prints and Pictures	2
In Maps, Pictures	2
(4) In Carving and Figures	24
In Carving and Figures	0
Artificial Flower-maker	24
Others	0
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	16
Toy Maker, Dealer	16
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	0
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	0
Pattern Designer	0
Eng. about Medals, &c.	0
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	3
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	2
Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts.	0
Others	1
(8) In Surgical Instruments	4
Surgical Instrumt. Mak.	4
(9) In Arms	33
In manuf. of Arms	33
(10) In Machines	8
Needle Manufacture	1
Scissors-maker	0
Steel Pen Maker	2
File-maker	0
Cutler	0
Others	5
(11) In Carriages	3
Carriage-maker	3
Coachmaker	0
(12) In Harness	5
Saddler, Harness-maker	5
Whip-maker	0
(13) In Ships	3
Ship, Boat,--Builder	3
(14) In Houses and Buildings	17
House Proprietor	13
Painter, Plumber, Glazr.	0
Others	4
(15) In Furniture	46
Cabinet-maker, Uphol.	19
Chair-maker	22
Furniture Broker	0
Others	5
(16) In Implements	0
Implement Maker	0
(17) In Chemicals	8
Dyer, Calenderer	3
Others	5
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	6,159
(1) In Wool and Worsted	36
Knitter	7
Woollen Cloth manuf.	12
Clothier	2
Worsted manufacture	2
Stuff manufacture	1
Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr.	1
Flannel manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	7
Others	4
(2) In Silk	833
Silk manufacture	825
Ribbon manufacture	1
Fancy Goods (Silk)	3
Others	4
(3) In Cotton and Flax	53
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	0
Thread manufacture	0
Tape manuf., Dealer	0
Lace manufacture	13
Cotton manufacture	21
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	1
Muslin Embroiderer	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	4
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	14
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	146
Weaver (undefined)	44
Draper, Mercer	42
Trimming-maker	39
Embroiderer	8
Others	13
(5) In Dress	4,935
Hatter, Hat manuf.	17
Straw Plait manuf.	4
Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak.	21
Bonnet-maker	37
Cap-maker	150
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	43
Tailor	1,174
Clothes Dealer, Outfitter	38
Button-maker	2
Milliner, Dressmaker	813
Shirtmaker, Seamstress	783
Stay-maker	46
Fancy Worker	18
Hose, Stocking,--manuf.	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	13
Glover, Leather, &c.	6
Glove Knitter	0
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	400
Shoemaker's "Wife"	508
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	139
Laundress	709
Others	13
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	156
Mat Maker, Seller	6
Hemp manufacture	0
Rope, Cord,--Maker	3
Net-maker	1
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	3
Other Workers in Hemp	143
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	408
(1) In Animal Food	155
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	24
Cheesemonger	5
Butcher	8
Butcher’s "Wife"	98
Provision Curer, Dealer	5
Poulterer, Game Dealer	0
Fishmonger	15
Others	0
(2) In Vegetable Food	188
Miller	0
Flour Dealer, Agent	3
Baker	11
Confectioner	15
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	65
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	73
Others	21
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	65
Brewer, &c.	0
Wine Merchant	3
Grocer, Tea Dealer	22
Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf.	16
Tobacconist	5
Others	19
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	98
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	22
Tallow-chandler	0
Comb-maker	0
Others	22
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	27
Currier	2
Others	25
(3) In Hair	49
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	6
Brush, Broom,--Maker	43
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	159
(1) In Gums and Resins	13
French-polisher	10
Japanner	0
In Gums and Resins	3
Others	0
(2) In Wood	74
Wood Dealer	12
Box-maker	54
Others	8
(3) In Bark	1
Workers, Dlrs., in Bark	1
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	23
Basket-maker	13
Others	10
(5) In Paper	48
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	12
Paper manufacture	1
Stationer (not Law)	5
Envelope-maker	18
Paper-box Maker	3
Paper-stainer	6
Other Workers in Paper	3
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	57
(1) In Mining	0
In Minerals	0
(2) In Coal	10
Coal Merchant, Dealer	9
Coal Labourer	0
Others	1
(3) In Stone, Clay	1
Brick Maker, Dealer	0
Others	1
(4) In Earthenware	14
Earthenware manuf.	3
Tobacco-pipe Maker	4
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	7
Others	0
(5) In Glass	2
Glass manufacture	1
Others	1
(6) In Salt	0
Salt Makers and Dealers	0
(7) In Water	0
Water Provider	0
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	5
In Gold, Silver, &c.	0
Goldsmith, Jeweller	3
Others	2
(9) In Copper	1
Workers, Dlrs., in Copper	1
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	6
Tin manufacture	4
Others	2
(11) In Zinc	0
In Zinc	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	9
In Lead	9
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	6
Pin manufacture	0
Lacquerer	0
Others	0
In Brass	6
(14) In Iron and Steel	3
Iron manufacture	0
Blacksmith	0
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain, Smith	0
Ironmonger	2
Screw Cutter, Maker	0
In Iron and Steel	1
Others	0
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	61
(1) General Labourers	6
Labourer	6
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	55
Shopwoman, Assistant	34
Others of indef. occupn.	21
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	109
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	109
Gentlewoman	37
Annuitant	72
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	168
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	164
Dependent on relatives	20
Almsperson, no. stat. occ.	29
Pauper, no stated occ.	110
Lunatic, no stated occ.	1
Others	4
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	0
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
Others of Criminal Class	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	4
Vagrant, Beggar	4
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	319
Visitor, no stated occ.	98
Others of no stated occupation or condition.	221

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

---

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.

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