Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List Lancashire RegC	Liverpool RegD/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Females	80,694
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	4
(1) Officers of National Government	0
Post Office	0
Others	0
(2) Officers of Local Government	4
Prison Officer	0
Union and Parish Officer	3
Others	1
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	688
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	54
(a) Religious Teachers	48
(b) Pew Opener	1
Other Church Officers	5
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	1
Law Stationer, &c.	1
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	67
Druggist	5
Midwife	60
Other Dealers in Drugs	2
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	0
In Literature	0
(5) Artists	19
Artist, Painter	12
Engaged in Fine Arts	0
Others	7
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	99
(6} Musician	47
Music-mistress	52
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	25
Actress	18
In Theatres, Exhibitions	7
(8) Teachers	422
Schoolmistress	156
Teacher of Languages	19
General Teacher	128
Governess	114
Other Teachers	5
(9) Scientific Persons	1
Scientific Person	1
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	48,023
(1) Wives	40,002
Wives (not oth. des.)	40,002
(2) Widows	4,557
Widows (not oth. des.)	4,557
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	3,400
Children and Relatives	3,400
(4) Scholars (so described)	64
Scholars (so described)	64
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	13,615
(1) In Board and Lodging	2,106
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	43
Innkeeper’s "Wife"	42
Publican	186
Beerseller	98
Publican’s "Wife"	630
Lodging-house Keeper	870
Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife"	127
Coffee-house Keeper	60
Officer of Institution	38
Others	12
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	11,509
Domst. Serv. (General)	6,970
Housekeeper	523
Cook	750
Housemaid	540
Nurse	272
Laundrymaid	26
Inn Servant	331
Hospital Nurse, &c.	16
Nurse (not Domst. Servt.)	221
Charwoman	1,819
Others	41
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	1,292
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	79
In Mercantile Pursuits	79
(2) Other General Dealers	1,213
Pawnbroker	23
Gen. Dlr., Costermonger	139
Shopkeeper	195
Shopkeeper’s "Wife"	17
Hawker and Pedlar	773
Other General Dealers	66
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	153
(1) Carriers on Railways	1
Railway Attendants	1
(2) Carriers on Roads	35
Toll Collector	0
Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr.	10
Carrier, Carter	23
Others	2
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	4
On Canals and Rivers	0
Boat, Barge,--Woman	3
Others	1
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	43
In Sea Navigation	0
Shipowner	3
Others	40
(5) Engaged in Storage	53
Warehouse Woman	52
Others in Storage	1
(6) Messengers and Porters	17
Mess., Port., Errand Girl	8
Others	9
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	201
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	200
Land Proprietor	75
Farmer, Grazier	8
Farmer’s "Wife"	35
Farmer’s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece"	22
Agricultural Labourer.	23
Farm Servant (in-door)	36
Others in Agriculture	1
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	1
Gardener	1
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	2
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	2
Fisherwoman	0
Others	2
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	710
(1) In Books	97
Bookseller, Publisher	21
Bookbinder	65
Printer	1
Others in Publications	10
(2) In Musical Instrument	4
In Musical Instruments	4
(3) In Prints and Pictures	4
In Maps, Pictures	4
(4) In Carving and Figures	17
In Carving and Figures	0
Artificial Flower-maker	13
Others	4
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	22
Toy Maker, Dealer	22
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	0
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	0
Pattern Designer	0
Eng. about Medals, &c.	0
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	9
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	9
Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts.	0
Others	0
(8) In Surgical Instruments	2
Surgical Instrumt. Mak.	2
(9) In Arms	0
In manuf. of Arms	0
(10) In Machines	6
Needle Manufacture	0
Scissors-maker	0
Steel Pen Maker	0
File-maker	1
Cutler	4
Others	1
(11) In Carriages	2
Carriage-maker	2
Coachmaker	0
(12) In Harness	3
Saddler, Harness-maker	1
Whip-maker	2
(13) In Ships	2
Ship, Boat,--Builder	2
(14) In Houses and Buildings	232
House Proprietor	216
Painter, Plumber, Glazr.	4
Others	12
(15) In Furniture	276
Cabinet-maker, Uphol.	175
Chair-maker	14
Furniture Broker	76
Others	11
(16) In Implements	1
Implement Maker	1
(17) In Chemicals	33
Dyer, Calenderer	12
Others	21
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	10,694
(1) In Wool and Worsted	82
Knitter	45
Woollen Cloth manuf.	9
Clothier	5
Worsted manufacture	2
Stuff manufacture	0
Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr.	8
Flannel manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	3
Others	10
(2) In Silk	21
Silk manufacture	18
Ribbon manufacture	3
Fancy Goods (Silk)	0
Others	0
(3) In Cotton and Flax	316
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	5
Thread manufacture	0
Tape manuf., Dealer	0
Lace manufacture	27
Cotton manufacture	274
Fustian manufacture	1
Muslin manufacture	0
Muslin Embroiderer	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	2
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	2
Others	5
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	200
Weaver (undefined)	19
Draper, Mercer	140
Trimming-maker	0
Embroiderer	14
Others	27
(5) In Dress	9,972
Hatter, Hat manuf.	11
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak.	31
Bonnet-maker	110
Cap-maker	133
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	5
Tailor	388
Clothes Dealer, Outfitter	110
Button-maker	1
Milliner, Dressmaker	3,788
Shirtmaker, Seamstress	1,622
Stay-maker	179
Fancy Worker	2
Hose, Stocking,--manuf.	5
Hosier, Haberdasher	63
Glover, Leather, &c.	4
Glove Knitter	0
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	561
Shoemaker's "Wife"	1,198
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	16
Laundress	1,716
Others	29
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	103
Mat Maker, Seller	14
Hemp manufacture	1
Rope, Cord,--Maker	19
Net-maker	0
Canvas Maker, Dealer	1
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Other Workers in Hemp	68
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	2,028
(1) In Animal Food	1,037
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	97
Cheesemonger	1
Butcher	71
Butcher’s "Wife"	307
Provision Curer, Dealer	229
Poulterer, Game Dealer	47
Fishmonger	274
Others	11
(2) In Vegetable Food	688
Miller	3
Flour Dealer, Agent	4
Baker	40
Confectioner	225
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	164
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	242
Others	10
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	303
Brewer, &c.	0
Wine Merchant	11
Grocer, Tea Dealer	131
Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf.	70
Tobacconist	57
Others	34
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	64
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	9
Tallow-chandler	4
Comb-maker	1
Others	4
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	25
Currier	2
Others	23
(3) In Hair	30
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	4
Brush, Broom,--Maker	24
Others	2
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	195
(1) In Gums and Resins	38
French-polisher	25
Japanner	6
In Gums and Resins	7
Others	0
(2) In Wood	59
Wood Dealer	8
Box-maker	12
Others	39
(3) In Bark	2
Workers, Dlrs., in Bark	2
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	36
Basket-maker	33
Others	3
(5) In Paper	60
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	16
Paper manufacture	3
Stationer (not Law)	30
Envelope-maker	7
Paper-box Maker	1
Paper-stainer	0
Other Workers in Paper	3
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	134
(1) In Mining	0
In Minerals	0
(2) In Coal	22
Coal Merchant, Dealer	21
Coal Labourer	1
Others	0
(3) In Stone, Clay	11
Brick Maker, Dealer	2
Others	9
(4) In Earthenware	45
Earthenware manuf.	6
Tobacco-pipe Maker	10
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	29
Others	0
(5) In Glass	7
Glass manufacture	4
Others	3
(6) In Salt	0
Salt Makers and Dealers	0
(7) In Water	0
Water Provider	0
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	10
In Gold, Silver, &c.	0
Goldsmith, Jeweller	10
Others	0
(9) In Copper	0
Workers, Dlrs., in Copper	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	7
Tin manufacture	1
Others	6
(11) In Zinc	0
In Zinc	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	1
In Lead	1
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	4
Pin manufacture	0
Lacquerer	0
Others	0
In Brass	4
(14) In Iron and Steel	27
Iron manufacture	2
Blacksmith	2
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain, Smith	0
Ironmonger	13
Screw Cutter, Maker	0
In Iron and Steel	10
Others	0
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	151
(1) General Labourers	39
Labourer	39
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	112
Shopwoman, Assistant	107
Others of indef. occupn.	5
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	645
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	645
Gentlewoman	188
Annuitant	457
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	209
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	193
Dependent on relatives	42
Almsperson, no. stat. occ.	4
Pauper, no stated occ.	113
Lunatic, no stated occ.	14
Others	20
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	1
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
Others of Criminal Class	1
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	15
Vagrant, Beggar	15
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	1,886
Visitor, no stated occ.	380
Others of no stated occupation or condition.	1,506

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.