Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show Lancashire RegC table	Liverpool RegD/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	75,843
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	895
(1) Officers of National Government	394
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	25
Post Office	59
Inland Revenue	25
Customs	283
Government Messengers, Workmen	1
Dockyard Artificers	1
Other Govt.	0
(2) Officers of Local Government	487
Magistrate	8
Police	340
Prison Officer	17
Union and Parish Officer	50
Officer of Local Board	4
Other Local Officers	68
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	14
E. India and Col. Service	14
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	374
(1) Army	302
Army Officer	10
Army Half-pay Officer	10
Soldier	97
Chelsea Pensioner	177
Militia	5
Others	3
(2) Navy	72
Navy Officer	11
Navy Half-pay Officer	3
Seaman, R.N.	32
Royal Marine	4
Greenwich Pensioner	18
Others	4
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	1,749
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	183
Clergyman	53
Protestant Minister	35
Roman Catholic Priest	41
Other Relig. Teachers	27
Parish Clerk	7
Other Church Officers	20
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	248
Barrister	44
Solicitor	83
Law Student	2
Other Lawyers	0
Officers of Law Court	20
Law Clerk	90
Law Stationer	9
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	498
Physician	48
Surgeon, Apothecary	148
Medical Student, Assist.	21
Dentist	32
Druggist	243
Others	6
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	39
Author, Editor, Writer	16
Ors. eng. in Literature	23
(5) Artists	197
Artist, Painter	86
Sculptor	8
Engraver	53
Photographic Artist	50
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	273
Musician	218
Music-master	55
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	73
Actor	43
In Theatres, Exhibitions	30
(8) Teachers	193
Schoolmaster	80
Teacher of Languages	37
Profes. of Mathematics	4
Teacher (General)	42
Teacher of Dancing	16
Other Teachers	14
(9) Scientific Persons	45
Civil Engineer	25
Other Scientific Persons	20
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	143
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	126
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	126
(4) Scholars (so described)	17
Scholar (so described)	17
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	2,109
(1) In Board and Lodging	1,353
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	90
Publican	790
Beerseller	113
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	223
Coffee-house Keeper	81
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	22
Others--Boarding, &c.	34
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	756
Domst. Serv. (General)	153
Coachman	38
Groom	12
Gardener	4
Inn Servant	519
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	13
Others	17
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	3,741
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	3,052
Merchant	433
Banker	3
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	74
Stock Broker, &c.	9
Ship Broker, Agent	104
Broker	195
Agent, Factor	218
Coal, Colliery Agent	33
Iron Merchant, Agent	6
Salesman	19
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	26
Accountant	101
Commercial Clerk	1,596
Commercial Traveller	214
Other Mercantile Men	21
(2) Other General Dealers	689
Pawnbroker	187
Marine-store Dealer	82
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	115
Shopkeeper	48
Hawker, Pedlar	256
Other General Dealers	1
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	24,688
(1) Carriers on Railways	603
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	50
Railway Official	112
Railway Servant	440
Railway Police	1
Ors. eng. in	0
(2) Carriers on Roads	2,768
Toll Collector	0
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	92
Livery Staple Keeper	11
Coachman (not domstc.)	177
Cabman, Flyman	205
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	2,283
Others	0
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	945
Canal and River Service	329
Bargeman, Waterman	614
Others	2
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	17,244
Shipowner	59
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	7,801
Pilot	93
Boatman on Seas	7
Dock Servant, Labourer	8,088
Wharfinger	12
Others	1,184
(5) Engaged in Storage	673
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	630
Others in Storage	43
(6) Messengers and Porters	2,455
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	2,428
Telegraph Service	25
Others in Messages	2
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	636
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	560
Land Proprietor	39
Farmer, Grazier	99
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	8
Farm Bailiff	2
Agricultural Labourer	359
Shepherd (out-door)	2
Farm Servant (in-door)	4
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	46
Others in Agriculture	1
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Woodman	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	76
Gardener	74
Nurseryman	2
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	612
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	612
Horse Dealer	22
Horsebreaker	4
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	249
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	106
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	69
Drover	45
Pig Merchant, Dealer	17
Gamekeeper	0
Vermin Destroyer	2
Fisherman	81
Others about Animals	17
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	12,272
(1) In Books	599
Bookseller, Publisher	80
Bookbinder	92
Printer	374
Newspaper Agent	42
Others in Publications	11
(2) In Musical Instrument	57
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	35
Others	22
(3) In Prints and Pictures	95
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	71
Others	24
(4) In Carving and Figures	69
Wood-carver	47
Others	22
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	31
Toy Maker, Dealer	24
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	7
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	27
Pattern Designer	19
Others	8
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	751
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	688
Optician	36
Weight or Measure Mkr.	11
Others	16
(8) In Surgical Instruments	4
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	3
Others	1
(9) In Arms	30
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	27
Others	3
(10) In Machines	824
Eng. and Mach. Maker	710
Spindle-maker	1
Needle manufacture	1
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	11
File-maker	16
Saw Smith, Maker	8
Cutler	46
Blade Maker, Forger	1
Knife-maker	1
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	29
(11) In Carriages	299
Coachmaker	295
Others	4
(12) In Harness	143
Saddler, Harness-maker	127
Whip-maker	16
(13) In Ships	2,196
Shipbldr., Shipwright	1,290
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	132
Boat, Barge,--Builder	24
Sailmaker	267
Others	483
(14) In Houses and Buildings	5,592
House Proprietor	51
House Agent	40
Architect	37
Surveyor	9
Builder	151
Carpenter, Joiner	1,880
Bricklayer	613
Marble Mason	97
Mason, Pavior	627
Slater, Tiler	137
Plasterer	464
Paperhanger	81
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	1,367
Others	38
(15) In Furniture	1,081
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	704
Undertaker	9
Chair-maker	68
Picture-frame Maker	29
Carver, Gilder	122
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	33
Furniture Broker	105
Others	11
(16) In Implements	283
Wheelwright	178
Millwright	105
Other Implement Mkrs.	0
(17) In Chemicals	191
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	71
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	16
Dyer, Calenderer	53
Others	51
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	8,461
(1) In Wool and Worsted	54
Woolstapler	19
Felt manufacture	0
Woollen Cloth manuf.	15
Clothier	9
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	1
Worsted manufacture	0
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	3
Others	7
(2) In Silk	41
Silk manufacture	7
Silk Dyer, Printer	8
Silk Mercer	25
Ribbon manufacture	0
Others	1
(3) In Cotton and Flax	1,669
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	10
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	2
Cotton manufacture	330
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	1
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	4
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	1,322
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	876
Packer and Presser	0
Weaver (undefined)	10
Manchester Warehmn.	4
Draper, Mercer	853
Others	9
(5) In Dress	5,659
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	234
Hatter, Hat manuf.	94
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	2
Shawl manufacture	1
Furrier	12
Tailor	1,985
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	232
Button-maker	0
Hose manufacture	2
Hosier, Haberdasher	96
Glover, Leather, &c.	1
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	2,881
Patten, Clog,--Maker	46
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	28
Others providing Dress	45
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	162
Mat Maker, Seller	26
Rope, Cord,--Maker	108
Canvas Maker, Dealer	1
Sailcloth manufacture	1
Others	26
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	5,198
(1) In Animal Food	1,557
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	214
Cheesemonger	22
Butcher, Meat Salesman	719
Provision Curer, Dealer	403
Poulterer, Game Dealer	49
Fishmonger	120
Others	30
(2) In Vegetable Food	2,279
Corn Merchant, Dealer	688
Miller	150
Flour Dealer, Agent	68
Baker	689
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	123
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	133
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	19
Potato Merchant	16
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	35
Sugar Refiner	352
Others	6
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	1,362
Maltster	9
Brewer, &c.	184
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	162
Distiller, Rectifier	15
Cellarman	36
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	31
Grocer, Tea Dealer	638
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	96
Tobacconist	122
Others	69
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	592
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	228
Soap-boiler	114
Tallow-chandler	87
Comb-maker	8
Others	19
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	238
Fellmonger	4
Skinner	22
Tanner	87
Currier	85
Others	40
(3) In Hair	126
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	6
Brush, Broom,--Maker	117
Others	3
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	1,984
(1) In Gums and Resins	208
Oil Miller, Refiner	56
Oil and Colourman	17
French-polisher	98
Japanner	7
Others	30
(2) In Wood	1,398
Timber Merch., Dealer	93
Wood Dealer	10
Sawyer	245
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	0
Lath-maker	21
Turner	75
Box-maker	8
Cooper	873
Hoop Maker, Bender	9
Others	64
(3) In Bark	100
Cork Cutter, manuf.	100
Others Workers in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	128
Basket-maker	107
Hay and Straw Dealer	14
Thatcher	1
Others	6
(5) In Paper	150
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	12
Paper manufacture	7
Stationer (not Law)	81
Paper-stainer	7
Others Workers in Paper	43
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	4,711
(1) In Mining	37
Coal-miner	13
Copper-miner	3
Tin-miner	5
Lead-miner	2
Iron-miner	0
Others	14
(2) In Coal	588
Coal Merchant, Dealer	143
Coalheaver, Labourer	243
Coke Burner, Dealer	1
Chimney Sweeper	54
Gas Works Service	142
Other Workers in Coal	5
(3) In Stone, Clay	377
Stone Quarrier	54
Stone Cutter, Polisher	6
Slate Quarrier	0
Limestone Quar., Burner	3
Clay Labourer	0
Brick Maker, Dealer	75
Railway Labourer	52
Platelayer	8
Excavator, Navvy	51
Road Contractor, &c.	4
Road Labourer	24
Scavenger	74
Dust Collector	3
Others	23
(4) In Earthenware	143
Earthenware manuf.	13
Tobacco-pipe Makers	50
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	79
Others	1
(5) In Glass	84
Glass manufacture	75
Other Workers in Glass	9
(6) In Salt	44
Salt manufacture	23
Other Dealers in Salt	21
(7) In Water	20
Waterworks Service	13
Others	7
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	110
Goldsmith, Jeweller	95
Plater, Plated Wareman	2
Others	13
(9) In Copper	94
Copper manufacture	2
Coppersmith	92
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	265
Tin manufacture	8
Tinman, Tinker	137
Tinplate Worker	120
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	7
Zinc manufacture	7
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	7
Lead manufacture	3
Typefounder	2
Others	2
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	415
Brass Founder, manuf.	217
Brazier	25
Locksmith, Bellhanger	23
Gasfitter	107
Wire Maker, Drawer	1
Wire Worker, Weaver	28
Others	14
(14) In Iron and Steel	2,520
Iron manufacture	768
Whitesmith	245
Blacksmith	823
Nail manufacture	69
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	34
Boiler-maker	448
Ironmonger	95
Hardwareman, Dealer	19
Steel manufacture	0
Grinder (branch undef.)	5
Others	14
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	6,614
(1) General Labourers	6,061
Labourer	6,061
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	553
Mechanic	157
Shopman	61
Apprentice	3
Others of indef. occu.	332
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	165
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	165
Gentleman	128
Annuitant	37
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	145
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	140
Dependent on Relatives	14
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	1
Pauper, no stated occ.	21
Lunatic, no stated occ.	1
Others	103
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	0
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	5
Vagrant, Beggar	5
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	754
Visitor, no stated occ.	61
Others of no stated occupation or condition	693

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.