Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Chester RegD	Hawarden SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	17	6
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	2	5
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	3	-
Police	7	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	4	1
Other Local or County Official	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	5	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	3	-
Army Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	68	51
Clergymen (Established Church)	7	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	9	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	1	1
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	2	-
Barrister, Solicitor	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	2	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	1	-
Dentist	1	-
Medical Student, Assistant	3	-
Subordinate Medical Service	1	8
Schoolmaster	24	31
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	1	10
Civil Engineer	1	-
Mining Engineer	7	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	1	-
Musician, Music Master	3	1
Photographer	1	-
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	84	615
Domestic Coachman, Groom	28	-
Domestic Gardener	37	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	17	539
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	-	2
Inn, Hotel Servant	2	10
Charwoman	-	34
Washing and Bathing Service	-	29
Hospital and Institution Service	-	1
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	62	2
Merchant	1	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	2	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	4	-
Accountant	2	-
Commercial Traveller	5	-
Commercial Clerk	44	-
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	3	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	139	4
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	5	-
Railway Guard	1	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	6	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	46	1
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	-	2
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	2	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	23	-
Tramway Companies' Service	1	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	39	1
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	10	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	3	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	1	-
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	788	38
Farmer, Grazier	220	21
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	97	-
Farm Bailiff	11	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	427	17
Shepherd	15	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	4	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	2	-
Agricultural Student	1	-
Woodman	9	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	1	-
Gardener (not domestic)	1	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	31	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	8	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	1	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	6	-
Drover	1	-
Gamekeeper	10	-
Vermin Destroyer	3	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	3	2
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	-	1
Printer	3	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	-	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	115	-
Engine, Machine Maker	14	-
Millwright	3	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	70	-
Boiler Maker	20	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	3	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	1	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	168	-
Builder	5	-
Carpenter, Joiner	79	-
Bricklayer	44	-
Mason	13	-
Slater, Tiler	11	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	6	-
Plumber	1	-
Painter, Glazier	9	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	18	1
Coachmaker	1	-
Wheelwright	9	-
Others	2	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	6	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	9	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	3	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	4	-
Sail Maker	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	44	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Manufacturing Chemist	43	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	140	41
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	31	9
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	2	-
Brewer	7	1
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	1	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	1	2
Butcher, Meat Salesman	21	1
Provision Curer, Dealer	-	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	-	1
Corn Miller	11	-
Baker	11	-
Confectioner, Pastrycook	1	-
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	52	25
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	8	3
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	7	3
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	66	123
Tailor	36	-
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	110
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	10
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	30	2
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	-	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	19	-
Manure Manufacture	18	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	101	4
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	65	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	7	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	4	-
Sawyer	4	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	10	-
Others	2	-
Paper Manufacture	8	4
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,849	5
Coal Miner	1,166	2
Ironstone Miner	3	-
Lead Miner	15	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	3	-
Mine Service	11	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	1	-
Coal Merchant	2	-
Coalheaver	2	-
Gas Works Service	1	-
Stone Quarrier	9	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	1	-
Slate Quarrier	7	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	1	-
Limeburner	3	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	290	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	1	-
Platelayer	37	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	42	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	26	3
Glass Manufacture	1	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	115	-
Blacksmith	78	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	26	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	1	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	501	15
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	6	9
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	1	5
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	6	-
General Labourer	388	-
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	81	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	16	-
Apprentice (undefined)	1	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	2	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	-	1
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	46	388
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	46	388
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	63	2,412
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	2	4
[Blank field, or illegible]	61	2,408

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)