Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Richmond RegD/PLU	Richmond SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	182	6
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	78	5
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	22	1
Police	65	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	6	-
Other Local or County Official	9	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	58	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	27	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	6	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	9	-
Army Pensioner	6	2
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	8	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
Navy Pensioner	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	459	354
Clergymen (Established Church)	14	-
Roman Catholic Priest	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	7	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	4	4
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	14
Theological Student	43	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	1
Barrister, Solicitor	75	-
Law Student	6	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	24	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	21	-
Dentist	5	-
Medical Student, Assistant	14	-
Midwife	-	1
Subordinate Medical Service	3	59
Schoolmaster	43	124
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	17	102
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	12	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	4	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	4	1
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	4	2
Civil Engineer	24	-
Mining Engineer	1	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	10	-
Painter (artist)	23	5
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	22	-
Musician, Music Master	39	17
Art Student	3	3
Photographer	13	7
Actor	7	7
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	7	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	431	3,002
Domestic Coachman, Groom	101	1
Domestic Gardener	104	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	132	2,541
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	5	1
Inn, Hotel Servant	65	45
College, Club Service	1	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	3
Cook (not domestic)	7	5
Charwoman	-	73
Washing and Bathing Service	10	324
Hospital and Institution Service	3	8
Others engaged in Service	1	1
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	461	30
Merchant	35	1
Broker, Agent, Factor	52	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	17	-
Accountant	26	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	6
Commercial Traveller	22	-
Commercial Clerk	228	18
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Banker	4	-
Bank Service	48	3
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	3	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	24	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	448	10
Railway Guard	12	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	2	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	87	5
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	12	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	65	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	73	1
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	77	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	4	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	8	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	4	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	7	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	90	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	4	1
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	182	8
Farmer, Grazier	6	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	2	-
Farm Bailiff	1	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	24	2
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	17	3
Gardener (not domestic)	132	3
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	56	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	32	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	17	-
Gamekeeper	6	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	57	6
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	19	3
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	3	1
Bookbinder	1	1
Printer	29	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	3	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	2	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	68	2
Engine, Machine Maker	22	1
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	10	-
Boiler Maker	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	2	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	19	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	4	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	2	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	2	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	5	-
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	-	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	863	24
Builder	47	2
Carpenter, Joiner	266	1
Bricklayer	159	-
Mason	23	-
Slater, Tiler	1	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	56	-
Paperhanger	10	-
Plumber	54	-
Painter, Glazier	156	1
Cabinet Maker	38	16
French Polisher	7	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	11	2
Locksmith, Bellhanger	1	-
Gas Fitter	20	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	1	-
Wood Carver	2	-
Carver, Gilder	6	-
Dealer in Works of Art	3	1
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	-	1
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	31	-
Coachmaker	12	-
Wheelwright	8	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	10	-
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	15	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	14	-
Sail Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	25	2
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	19	-
Manufacturing Chemist	3	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	9	3
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	9	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	525	100
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	44	7
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	8	51
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	4	4
Brewer	12	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	16	3
Cellarman	17	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	21	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	39	5
Cheesemonger, Butterman	7	-
Butcher, Meat Salesman	68	3
Provision Curer, Dealer	6	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	12	1
Fishmonger	27	1
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	9	1
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	68	6
Confectioner, Pastrycook	22	8
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	34	4
Sugar Refiner	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	105	6
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	3	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	110	63
Woolstapler	1	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	2	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	2	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	4	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	2	2
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	-
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	11	7
Manchester Warehouseman	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	81	52
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	1
Trimming Maker, Dealer	1	-
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	174	428
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	1	2
Tailor	60	15
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	4	345
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	60
Hosier, Haberdasher	4	-
Glover, Glove Maker	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	85	3
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	17	3
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	10	5
Soap Boiler, Maker	-	1
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	2	2
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	-
Currier	3	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	2	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	50	7
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Oil and Colourman	2	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	2	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	2	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	5	-
Sawyer	12	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	5	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	2	-
Paper Manufacture	1	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	12	5
Ticket, Label Writer	2	-
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	186	6
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Coal Merchant	7	1
Coalheaver	21	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	6	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Paviour	1	-
Road Labourer	2	-
Platelayer	8	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	4	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	2	-
Glass Manufacture	-	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	3	3
Waterworks Service	5	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	17	-
Blacksmith	32	-
Whitesmith	33	1
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	23	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	1	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	396	67
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	31	23
Pawnbroker	2	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	7	-
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	13	4
Contractor (undefined)	3	-
General Labourer	268	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	14	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	46	35
Apprentice (undefined)	8	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	3	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	1	1
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	13	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	12	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	253	1,456
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	253	1,456
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	100	2,581
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	1	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	99	2,579

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)