1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Middlesex RegC	Hackney RegD/PLU	Hackney South Hackney Stamford Hill Stoke Newington West Hackney

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	1,309	140
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	564	126
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	276	4
Prison Service, &c.	3	-
Police	325	2
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	108	8
Other Local or County Official	28	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	5	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	120	9
Army Officer (effective/retired)	23	4
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	21	3
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	27	-
Army Pensioner	20	1
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	8	-
Seaman, R.N.	14	-
Navy Pensioner	7	1
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	2,654	2,442
Clergymen (Established Church)	105	1
Roman Catholic Priest	14	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	69	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	57	46
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	42
Theological Student	37	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	29	30
Barrister, Solicitor	150	1
Law Student	7	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	670	6
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	137	2
Dentist	36	3
Medical Student, Assistant	96	5
Midwife	-	11
Subordinate Medical Service	16	642
Schoolmaster	331	818
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	56	487
School Service, and others connected with teaching	29	8
Author, Editor, Journalist	80	12
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	64	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	19	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	14	2
Civil Engineer	79	-
Mining Engineer	7	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	53	-
Painter (artist)	61	30
Engraver (artist)	78	2
Sculptor	4	-
Architect	103	3
Musician, Music Master	112	218
Art Student	32	29
Photographer	48	30
Actor	16	13
Art, Music, Theatre Service	5	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	5	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	35	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	1,246	13,633
Domestic Coachman, Groom	282	2
Domestic Gardener	203	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	192	11,089
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	14	3
Inn, Hotel Servant	401	203
College, Club Service	5	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	12	5
Cook (not domestic)	44	4
Charwoman	1	597
Washing and Bathing Service	53	1,629
Hospital and Institution Service	38	99
Others engaged in Service	1	2
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	8,743	252
Merchant	175	6
Broker, Agent, Factor	652	8
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	145	1
Accountant	254	8
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	56	25
Commercial Traveller	1,215	7
Commercial Clerk	5,269	172
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	20	2
Banker	6	-
Bank Service	563	6
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	13	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	375	16
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	4,192	70
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	13	-
Railway Guard	19	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	9	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	694	6
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	45	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	411	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	874	5
Tramway Companies' Service	80	1
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	1	-
Inland Navigation Service	5	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	41	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	15	2
Seaman (Merchant Service)	203	2
Pilot	2	-
Ship Steward, Cook	22	1
Boatman on Seas	3	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	132	5
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	650	11
Meter, Weigher	1	1
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	912	9
Telegraph, Telephone Service	60	25
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	511	30
Farmer, Grazier	33	1
Farm Bailiff	6	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	80	16
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Woodman	7	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	90	12
Gardener (not domestic)	293	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	297	4
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	16	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	172	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	62	1
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	15	1
Drover	13	-
Gamekeeper	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	10	-
Vermin Destroyer	2	-
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	5	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	1,671	151
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	192	16
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	12	1
Bookbinder	248	105
Printer	1,000	22
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	75	3
Others	2	-
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	130	3
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	7	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	5	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	1,160	69
Engine, Machine Maker	157	3
Millwright	14	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	113	5
Boiler Maker	11	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	7	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	1
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	12	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	20	-
File Maker	1	-
Saw Maker	8	1
Pin Maker	-	1
Needle Maker	3	-
Pencil Maker (Wood)	1	-
Domestic Implement Maker	4	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	239	9
Philosophical Instrument Maker	92	1
Electrical Apparatus Maker	70	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	34	1
Surgical Instrument Maker	29	9
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	20	2
Ordnance Manufacturer	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	197	6
Type Cutter, Founder	32	1
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	23	2
Toy Maker, Dealer	38	18
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	11	1
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	15	7
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	6,946	265
Builder	483	7
Carpenter, Joiner	1,597	8
Bricklayer	947	6
Mason	299	4
Slater, Tiler	15	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	273	-
Paperhanger	76	-
Plumber	257	-
Painter, Glazier	1,042	1
Cabinet Maker	1,193	78
French Polisher	90	19
Furniture Broker, Dealer	72	2
Locksmith, Bellhanger	25	1
Gas Fitter	150	1
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	86	1
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	38	5
Wood Carver	93	-
Carver, Gilder	140	3
Dealer in Works of Art	25	1
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	4	1
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	17	-
Artificial Flower Maker	24	127
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	346	25
Coachmaker	104	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	96	3
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	9	1
Others	10	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	126	20
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	50	2
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	27	2
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	9	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	1	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	7	-
Sail Maker	6	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	441	29
Dye, Paint Manufacture	83	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	27	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	1	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	11	6
Chemist, Druggist	216	5
Manufacturing Chemist	92	14
Drysalter	11	2
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	240	32
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	222	29
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	18	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	3,871	478
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	272	37
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	2	122
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	81	24
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Maltster	5	-
Brewer	52	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	73	9
Cellarman	86	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	151	8
Milkseller, Dairyman	308	15
Cheesemonger, Butterman	154	9
Butcher, Meat Salesman	591	19
Provision Curer, Dealer	139	16
Poulterer, Game Dealer	32	1
Fishmonger	198	9
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	111	4
Corn Miller	5	-
Baker	471	35
Confectioner, Pastrycook	194	108
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	244	30
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	14	3
Sugar Refiner	21	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	649	29
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	17	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	1,464	882
Woolstapler	8	2
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	35	10
Worsted, Stuff, Manufacture	3	1
Flannel Manufacture	3	-
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	68	2
Others	-	4
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	83	55
Silk Dyer, Printer	3	1
Ribbon Manufacture	4	1
Crepe, Gauze Manufacture	4	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	38	3
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	7	10
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	3	1
Cotton, Calico - Warehouseman, Dealer	7	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	28	5
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	17	48
Thread Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	8	4
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	66	5
Mat Maker, Seller	9	2
Net Maker	-	3
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	1	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	3	-
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	3
Weaver (undefined)	2	13
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	74	34
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	4	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	49	2
Manchester Warehouseman	39	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	707	424
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	92	78
Trimming Maker, Dealer	88	104
Embroiderer	8	63
Others	-	3
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	3,075	4,907
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	82	18
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	14	14
Tailor	544	234
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	137	3,234
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	77	614
Hosiery Manufacture	28	13
Hosier, Haberdasher	134	208
Glover, Glove Maker	22	7
Button Maker, Dealer	21	15
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	1,793	479
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	107	6
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	110	46
Accoutrement Maker	3	4
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	3	15
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	707	343
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	21	1
Soap Boiler, Maker	16	1
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	9	-
Manure Manufacture	2	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	87	5
Comb Maker	20	18
Others	15	19
Furrier, Skinner	129	99
Tanner, Fellmonger	5	-
Currier	106	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	92	19
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	19	9
Brush, Broom, Maker	158	103
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	28	68
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	1,356	384
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	17	4
Oil and Colourman	143	12
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	8	-
Japanner	12	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	53	13
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	5	6
Others	15	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	28	19
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	9	-
Thatcher	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	147	6
Sawyer	77	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	36	1
Wood Turner, Box Maker	73	2
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	126	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	18	1
Others	1	2
Paper Manufacture	38	4
Envelope Maker	4	39
Stationer, Law Stationer	400	108
Card, Pattern Card Maker	5	-
Paper Stainer	48	17
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	64	136
Ticket, Label Writer	19	5
Others	9	8
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	1,859	94
Coal Miner	3	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	3	-
Mine Service	6	-
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	-	1
Coal Merchant	61	3
Coalheaver	101	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	4	1
Gas Works Service	141	2
Stone Quarrier	2	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	30	2
Slate Worker, Dealer	3	-
Limeburner	8	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	1
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	9	1
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	57	1
Paviour	11	1
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	4	-
Road Labourer	32	-
Railway Contractor	6	-
Platelayer	39	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	45	-
Others	4	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	22	11
Glass Manufacture	109	3
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	59	16
Salt Maker, Dealer	3	-
Waterworks Service	30	1
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	310	15
Gold, Silver, Beater	17	2
Lapidary	3	-
Others	20	7
[Iron Manufacture]	77	3
[Steel Manufacture]	3	-
Blacksmith	150	-
Whitesmith	26	-
Nail Manufacture	1	-
Anchor, Chain Manufacture	3	1
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	138	7
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	27	1
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
[Coppersmith]	17	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	77	2
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	27	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	8	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	29	1
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	94	-
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	2	3
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	9	2
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	12	2
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	9	-
Clasp, Buckle, Hinge Maker	1	-
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	-	1
Others	4	3
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	2,937	998
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	262	224
Pawnbroker	91	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	94	24
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	99	37
Contractor (undefined)	22	-
General Labourer	1,719	16
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	117	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	301	134
Apprentice (undefined)	41	17
Factory Labourer (undefined)	173	29
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	18	517
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	108	3
Town Drainage Service	11	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	57	1
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	36	1
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	4	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	1,241	6,159
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	1,241	6,159
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	896	30,331
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	61	29
[Blank field, or illegible]	835	30,302

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

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Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

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