1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List Monmouthshire RegC Monmouth RegD/PLU
OCCUPATIONS. Males.
[1]
Females.
[2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY. 77 Show data context 14 Show data context
  Civil Service (officers and clerks) 18 Show data context 7 Show data context
  Civil Service (messengers, &c.) 14 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Prison Service, &c. 1 Show data context -
  Police 21 Show data context -
  Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer 7 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Other Local or County Official 14 Show data context -
  East Indian and Colonial Service 2 Show data context -
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY. 35 Show data context -
  Army Officer (effective/retired) 6 Show data context -
  Soldier and Non-commissioned officer 1 Show data context -
  Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers 24 Show data context -
  Army Pensioner 3 Show data context -
  Royal Marines (officers/men) 1 Show data context -
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES). 187 Show data context 177 Show data context
  Clergymen (Established Church) 36 Show data context -
  Roman Catholic Priest 2 Show data context -
  Minister, Priest of other religious bodies 8 Show data context -
  Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Nun, Sister of Charity - 2 Show data context
  Theological Student 3 Show data context -
  Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant 2 Show data context -
  Barrister, Solicitor 16 Show data context -
  Law Student 1 Show data context -
  Law Clerk, and others connected with the law 18 Show data context -
  Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner 11 Show data context -
  Medical Student, Assistant 2 Show data context -
  Midwife - 1 Show data context
  Subordinate Medical Service 2 Show data context 29 Show data context
  Schoolmaster 42 Show data context 119 Show data context
  Teacher, Professor, Lecturer 6 Show data context 17 Show data context
  School Service, and others connected with teaching 3 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Author, Editor, Journalist 2 Show data context -
  Reporter, Short-hand Writer 1 Show data context -
  Civil Engineer 6 Show data context -
  Mining Engineer 7 Show data context -
  Land, House, Ship, Surveyor 2 Show data context -
  Painter (artist) 1 Show data context -
  Sculptor 1 Show data context -
  Architect 2 Show data context -
  Musician, Music Master 4 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Photographer 4 Show data context -
  Actor 2 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service 1 Show data context -
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES. 219 Show data context 1,538 Show data context
  Domestic Coachman, Groom 73 Show data context -
  Domestic Gardener 60 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Domestic Indoor Servant 69 Show data context 1,218 Show data context
  Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government) - 2 Show data context
  Inn, Hotel Servant 15 Show data context 23 Show data context
  Cook (not domestic) - 2 Show data context
  Charwoman - 111 Show data context
  Washing and Bathing Service 2 Show data context 178 Show data context
  Hospital and Institution Service - 3 Show data context
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS. 86 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Merchant 1 Show data context -
  Broker, Agent, Factor 5 Show data context -
  Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent 10 Show data context -
  Accountant 12 Show data context -
  Commercial Traveller 6 Show data context -
  Commercial Clerk 37 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Bank Service 9 Show data context -
  Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service 6 Show data context -
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES. 147 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Railway Engine Driver, Stoker 3 Show data context -
  Other Railway Officials and Servants 41 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper 1 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic) 8 Show data context -
  Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier 47 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman 4 Show data context -
  Seaman (Merchant Service) 5 Show data context -
  Boatman on Seas 1 Show data context -
  Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government) 37 Show data context -
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE. 1,845 Show data context 64 Show data context
  Farmer, Grazier 357 Show data context 29 Show data context
  Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew 193 Show data context -
  Farm Bailiff 46 Show data context -
  Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager 971 Show data context 34 Show data context
  Shepherd 25 Show data context -
  Land Drainage Service (not in towns) 8 Show data context -
  Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant 6 Show data context -
  Agricultural Student 2 Show data context -
  Woodman 146 Show data context -
  Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist 4 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Gardener (not domestic) 87 Show data context -
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS. 89 Show data context -
  Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker 48 Show data context -
  Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier 4 Show data context -
  Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman 5 Show data context -
  Gamekeeper 18 Show data context -
  Fisherman 14 Show data context -
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS. 20 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian 2 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Printer 18 Show data context -
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS. 44 Show data context -
  Engine, Machine Maker 2 Show data context -
  Millwright 5 Show data context -
  Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine) 14 Show data context -
  Boiler Maker 6 Show data context -
  Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker 3 Show data context -
  Watch Maker, Clock Maker 13 Show data context -
  Electrical Apparatus Maker 1 Show data context -
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS. 536 Show data context 6 Show data context
  Builder 21 Show data context -
  Carpenter, Joiner 182 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Bricklayer 6 Show data context -
  Mason 196 Show data context -
  Slater, Tiler 25 Show data context -
  Plasterer, Whitewasher 37 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Plumber 12 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Painter, Glazier 36 Show data context -
  Cabinet Maker 17 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Gas Fitter 3 Show data context -
  Wood Carver 1 Show data context -
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS. 57 Show data context -
  Coachmaker 21 Show data context -
  Wheelwright 22 Show data context -
  Others 1 Show data context -
  Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker 13 Show data context -
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS. 39 Show data context -
  Dye, Paint Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Chemist, Druggist 10 Show data context -
  Manufacturing Chemist 28 Show data context -
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES. 2 Show data context -
  Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist 2 Show data context -
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING. 341 Show data context 90 Show data context
  Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican 75 Show data context 19 Show data context
  Lodging, Boarding House Keeper - 10 Show data context
  Coffee, Eating House, Keeper 3 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Maltster 12 Show data context -
  Brewer 16 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer 2 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Cellarman 1 Show data context -
  Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent 4 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Milkseller, Dairyman 4 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Butcher, Meat Salesman 55 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Provision Curer, Dealer - 2 Show data context
  Fishmonger 4 Show data context -
  Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer 4 Show data context -
  Corn Miller 12 Show data context -
  Baker 26 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Confectioner, Pastrycook 5 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Greengrocer, Fruiterer 2 Show data context 5 Show data context
  Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer 116 Show data context 39 Show data context
  Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer - 1 Show data context
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS. 39 Show data context 28 Show data context
  Woolstapler 1 Show data context -
  Woollen Cloth Manufacture 3 Show data context -
  Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture - 1 Show data context
  Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer 35 Show data context 26 Show data context
  Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer - 1 Show data context
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS. 194 Show data context 329 Show data context
  Hatter, Hat Manufacture 2 Show data context -
  Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture - 1 Show data context
  Tailor 56 Show data context 10 Show data context
  Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker - 293 Show data context
  Shirt Maker, Seamstress 1 Show data context 21 Show data context
  Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer 125 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Wig Maker, Hair Dresser 9 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer 1 Show data context 1 Show data context
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. 13 Show data context -
  Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Tanner, Fellmonger 10 Show data context -
  Currier 1 Show data context -
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. 128 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker 4 Show data context -
  Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer 3 Show data context -
  Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer 15 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Sawyer 33 Show data context -
  Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker 3 Show data context -
  Wood Turner, Box Maker 25 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender 40 Show data context -
  Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Paper Manufacture 1 Show data context -
  Stationer, Law Stationer 1 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Others 2 Show data context -
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES. 2,644 Show data context 55 Show data context
  Coal Miner 1,417 Show data context 4 Show data context
  Ironstone Miner 229 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Miner, in other or undefined Minerals 1 Show data context -
  Mine Service 21 Show data context -
  [Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook] 36 Show data context -
  Coal Merchant 8 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Coalheaver 5 Show data context -
  Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Gas Works Service 8 Show data context -
  Stone Quarrier 87 Show data context -
  Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer 65 Show data context -
  Limeburner 5 Show data context -
  Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer 1 Show data context -
  Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer 22 Show data context 3 Show data context
  Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector 2 Show data context -
  Road Labourer 21 Show data context -
  Railway Contractor 1 Show data context -
  Platelayer 19 Show data context -
  Railway Labourer, Navvy 95 Show data context -
  Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture 2 Show data context -
  Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer - 2 Show data context
  Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller 1 Show data context -
  [Iron Manufacture] 100 Show data context -
  [Steel Manufacture] 1 Show data context -
  Blacksmith 134 Show data context -
  Whitesmith 3 Show data context -
  Nail Manufacture 2 Show data context -
  Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant 20 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer 330 Show data context 41 Show data context
  White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer 1 Show data context -
  Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer 6 Show data context -
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES. 855 Show data context 53 Show data context
  General Shopkeeper, Dealer 18 Show data context 19 Show data context
  Pawnbroker - 1 Show data context
  Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller 14 Show data context 9 Show data context
  Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined) 4 Show data context -
  General Labourer 661 Show data context 12 Show data context
  Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural) 99 Show data context -
  Artizan, Mechanic (undefined) 48 Show data context 10 Show data context
  Apprentice (undefined) 6 Show data context 2 Show data context
  Factory Labourer (undefined) 4 Show data context -
  Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined) 1 Show data context -
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS. 6 Show data context 1 Show data context
  Town Drainage Service 1 Show data context -
  Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant 5 Show data context 1 Show data context
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS. 155 Show data context 873 Show data context
  Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation 155 Show data context 873 Show data context
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION] 134 Show data context 4,414 Show data context
  [Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning] 6 Show data context 1 Show data context
  [Blank field, or illegible] 128 Show data context 4,413 Show data context

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1 This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2 In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3 NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4 The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5 Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6 In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.


Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)