Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List England Dep	Northamptonshire RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	61,805
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	585
(1) Officers of National Government	262
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	13
Post Office	132
Inland Revenue	48
Customs	2
Government Messengers, Workmen	51
Dockyard Artificers	0
Other Govt.	16
(2) Officers of Local Government	315
Magistrate	24
Police	167
Prison Officer	35
Union and Parish Officer	69
Officer of Local Board	3
Other Local Officers	17
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	8
E. India and Col. Service	8
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	765
(1) Army	731
Army Officer	30
Army Half-pay Officer	27
Soldier	538
Chelsea Pensioner	98
Militia	37
Others	1
(2) Navy	34
Navy Officer	6
Navy Half-pay Officer	7
Seaman, R.N.	0
Royal Marine	3
Greenwich Pensioner	18
Others	0
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	1,426
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	586
Clergyman	371
Protestant Minister	114
Roman Catholic Priest	4
Other Relig. Teachers	25
Parish Clerk	52
Other Church Officers	20
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	189
Barrister	15
Solicitor	97
Law Student	4
Other Lawyers	0
Officers of Law Court	15
Law Clerk	58
Law Stationer	0
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	284
Physician	15
Surgeon, Apothecary	120
Medical Student, Assist.	20
Dentist	8
Druggist	114
Others	7
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	18
Author, Editor, Writer	4
Ors. eng. in Literature	14
(5) Artists	30
Artist, Painter	16
Sculptor	1
Engraver	3
Photographic Artist	10
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	54
Musician	33
Music-master	21
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	11
Actor	7
In Theatres, Exhibitions	4
(8) Teachers	241
Schoolmaster	221
Teacher of Languages	5
Profes. of Mathematics	1
Teacher (General)	7
Teacher of Dancing	2
Other Teachers	5
(9) Scientific Persons	13
Civil Engineer	13
Other Scientific Persons	0
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	96
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	70
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	70
(4) Scholars (so described)	26
Scholar (so described)	26
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	1,980
(1) In Board and Lodging	821
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	300
Publican	369
Beerseller	108
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	17
Coffee-house Keeper	7
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	1
Others--Boarding, &c.	19
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	1,159
Domst. Serv. (General)	473
Coachman	91
Groom	334
Gardener	143
Inn Servant	85
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	21
Others	12
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	682
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	301
Merchant	24
Banker	6
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	8
Stock Broker, &c.	0
Ship Broker, Agent	1
Broker	10
Agent, Factor	20
Coal, Colliery Agent	12
Iron Merchant, Agent	0
Salesman	2
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	28
Accountant	31
Commercial Clerk	93
Commercial Traveller	52
Other Mercantile Men	14
(2) Other General Dealers	381
Pawnbroker	16
Marine-store Dealer	16
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	185
Shopkeeper	31
Hawker, Pedlar	131
Other General Dealers	2
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	1,801
(1) Carriers on Railways	867
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	273
Railway Official	145
Railway Servant	364
Railway Police	85
Ors. eng. in	0
(2) Carriers on Roads	459
Toll Collector	52
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	7
Livery Staple Keeper	1
Coachman (not domstc.)	61
Cabman, Flyman	10
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	327
Others	1
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	316
Canal and River Service	73
Bargeman, Waterman	208
Others	35
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	17
Shipowner	0
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	8
Pilot	0
Boatman on Seas	0
Dock Servant, Labourer	0
Wharfinger	9
Others	0
(5) Engaged in Storage	19
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	18
Others in Storage	1
(6) Messengers and Porters	123
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	103
Telegraph Service	19
Others in Messages	1
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	24,584
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	23,592
Land Proprietor	156
Farmer, Grazier	2,663
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	591
Farm Bailiff	242
Agricultural Labourer	18,539
Shepherd (out-door)	952
Farm Servant (in-door)	348
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	37
Others in Agriculture	64
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	166
Woodman	166
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	826
Gardener	808
Nurseryman	18
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	1,036
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	1,036
Horse Dealer	16
Horsebreaker	28
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	517
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	59
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	72
Drover	92
Pig Merchant, Dealer	29
Gamekeeper	156
Vermin Destroyer	31
Fisherman	6
Others about Animals	30
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	6,027
(1) In Books	169
Bookseller, Publisher	50
Bookbinder	20
Printer	85
Newspaper Agent	9
Others in Publications	5
(2) In Musical Instrument	13
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	6
Others	7
(3) In Prints and Pictures	4
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	2
Others	2
(4) In Carving and Figures	9
Wood-carver	5
Others	4
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	4
Toy Maker, Dealer	4
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	0
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	14
Pattern Designer	6
Others	8
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	101
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	99
Optician	1
Weight or Measure Mkr.	0
Others	1
(8) In Surgical Instruments	1
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	1
Others	0
(9) In Arms	36
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	36
Others	0
(10) In Machines	646
Eng. and Mach. Maker	616
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	0
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	3
File-maker	1
Saw Smith, Maker	3
Cutler	18
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	1
Razor-maker	1
Others in Tools, Mchns.	3
(11) In Carriages	153
Coachmaker	145
Others	8
(12) In Harness	185
Saddler, Harness-maker	163
Whip-maker	22
(13) In Ships	32
Shipbldr., Shipwright	2
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	0
Boat, Barge,--Builder	30
Sailmaker	0
Others	0
(14) In Houses and Buildings	4,028
House Proprietor	104
House Agent	8
Architect	13
Surveyor	11
Builder	184
Carpenter, Joiner	1,649
Bricklayer	602
Marble Mason	5
Mason, Pavior	883
Slater, Tiler	35
Plasterer	82
Paperhanger	9
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	440
Others	3
(15) In Furniture	193
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	139
Undertaker	1
Chair-maker	16
Picture-frame Maker	1
Carver, Gilder	12
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	0
Furniture Broker	24
Others	0
(16) In Implements	427
Wheelwright	360
Millwright	35
Other Implement Mkrs.	32
(17) In Chemicals	12
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	1
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	0
Dyer, Calenderer	8
Others	3
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	11,512
(1) In Wool and Worsted	57
Woolstapler	13
Felt manufacture	6
Woollen Cloth manuf.	9
Clothier	19
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	6
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	1
Others	3
(2) In Silk	309
Silk manufacture	270
Silk Dyer, Printer	3
Silk Mercer	3
Ribbon manufacture	3
Others	30
(3) In Cotton and Flax	37
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	5
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	19
Cotton manufacture	4
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	1
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	8
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	370
Packer and Presser	0
Weaver (undefined)	3
Manchester Warehmn.	1
Draper, Mercer	361
Others	5
(5) In Dress	10,642
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	76
Hatter, Hat manuf.	23
Straw Plait manuf.	1
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	2
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	0
Tailor	913
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	12
Button-maker	0
Hose manufacture	6
Hosier, Haberdasher	16
Glover, Leather, &c.	6
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	9,529
Patten, Clog,--Maker	9
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	8
Others providing Dress	41
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	97
Mat Maker, Seller	44
Rope, Cord,--Maker	47
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Others	6
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	3,351
(1) In Animal Food	877
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	61
Cheesemonger	4
Butcher, Meat Salesman	732
Provision Curer, Dealer	20
Poulterer, Game Dealer	12
Fishmonger	47
Others	1
(2) In Vegetable Food	1,392
Corn Merchant, Dealer	83
Miller	403
Flour Dealer, Agent	15
Baker	780
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	54
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	39
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	1
Potato Merchant	7
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	5
Sugar Refiner	3
Others	2
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	1,082
Maltster	158
Brewer, &c.	201
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	48
Distiller, Rectifier	0
Cellarman	4
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	7
Grocer, Tea Dealer	641
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	2
Tobacconist	7
Others	14
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	569
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	35
Soap-boiler	1
Tallow-chandler	26
Comb-maker	0
Others	8
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	506
Fellmonger	31
Skinner	10
Tanner	49
Currier	391
Others	25
(3) In Hair	28
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	0
Brush, Broom,--Maker	28
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	1,071
(1) In Gums and Resins	17
Oil Miller, Refiner	0
Oil and Colourman	2
French-polisher	8
Japanner	0
Others	7
(2) In Wood	763
Timber Merch., Dealer	46
Wood Dealer	26
Sawyer	437
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	23
Lath-maker	9
Turner	62
Box-maker	1
Cooper	101
Hoop Maker, Bender	1
Others	57
(3) In Bark	10
Cork Cutter, manuf.	10
Others Workers in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	195
Basket-maker	92
Hay and Straw Dealer	4
Thatcher	67
Others	32
(5) In Paper	86
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	27
Paper manufacture	40
Stationer (not Law)	13
Paper-stainer	0
Others Workers in Paper	6
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	3,215
(1) In Mining	132
Coal-miner	0
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	14
Others	118
(2) In Coal	336
Coal Merchant, Dealer	169
Coalheaver, Labourer	54
Coke Burner, Dealer	2
Chimney Sweeper	54
Gas Works Service	48
Other Workers in Coal	9
(3) In Stone, Clay	1,170
Stone Quarrier	16
Stone Cutter, Polisher	22
Slate Quarrier	1
Limestone Quar., Burner	38
Clay Labourer	0
Brick Maker, Dealer	375
Railway Labourer	399
Platelayer	107
Excavator, Navvy	14
Road Contractor, &c.	8
Road Labourer	172
Scavenger	7
Dust Collector	0
Others	11
(4) In Earthenware	49
Earthenware manuf.	5
Tobacco-pipe Makers	14
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	29
Others	1
(5) In Glass	0
Glass manufacture	0
Other Workers in Glass	0
(6) In Salt	3
Salt manufacture	0
Other Dealers in Salt	3
(7) In Water	6
Waterworks Service	4
Others	2
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	14
Goldsmith, Jeweller	14
Plater, Plated Wareman	0
Others	0
(9) In Copper	12
Copper manufacture	0
Coppersmith	12
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	67
Tin manufacture	0
Tinman, Tinker	43
Tinplate Worker	24
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	0
Zinc manufacture	0
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	1
Lead manufacture	1
Typefounder	0
Others	0
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	123
Brass Founder, manuf.	22
Brazier	61
Locksmith, Bellhanger	2
Gasfitter	22
Wire Maker, Drawer	0
Wire Worker, Weaver	5
Others	11
(14) In Iron and Steel	1,302
Iron manufacture	212
Whitesmith	47
Blacksmith	828
Nail manufacture	6
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	0
Boiler-maker	104
Ironmonger	84
Hardwareman, Dealer	2
Steel manufacture	0
Grinder (branch undef.)	3
Others	16
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	2,182
(1) General Labourers	2,043
Labourer	2,043
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	139
Mechanic	30
Shopman	6
Apprentice	1
Others of indef. occu.	102
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	201
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	201
Gentleman	136
Annuitant	65
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	303
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	296
Dependent on Relatives	4
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	7
Pauper, no stated occ.	199
Lunatic, no stated occ.	35
Others	51
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	2
Prisoner, no stated occ.	2
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	5
Vagrant, Beggar	4
Gipsy	1
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	419
Visitor, no stated occ.	14
Others of no stated occupation or condition	405

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.